Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients With Post COVID-19

Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Oxygen Consumption Muscle Oxygenation and Physical Activity Level in Patients With Post-COVID-19

Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) is a new virus that emerged in December 2019 and spread quickly all over the world. Problems such as hypoxia, dyspnea, increased fatigue, decreased exercise capacity and respiratory muscle strength occur in COVID-19 patients.In addition, abnormalities in skeletal muscles due to systemic inflammation, mechanical ventilation, sedation and prolonged bed rest in hospital and intensive care patients cause decreased exercise capacity.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: COVID-19
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Inspiratory Muscle Training Group; Other: Control Group

Detailed Description

Dyspnea is one of the most common long-term symptoms in COVID-19 patients. It has been determined that dyspnea that persists three and six months after hospital discharge is associated with peak oxygen consumption in hospitalized and discharged COVID-19 patients, while peak oxygen consumption decreases in patients with dyspnea. Inspiratory muscle training may be an effective treatment modality in the treatment of dyspnea in patients with dyspnea after COVID-19. The effects of inspiratory muscle training have been investigated in different lung diseases. In these studies, inspiratory muscle training increased respiratory muscle strength and endurance, exercise capacity, and quality of life, and decreased fatigue and dyspnea.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training on oxygen consumption, muscle oxygenation, physical activity level, respiratory muscle strength and endurance, peripheral muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, dyspnea, fatigue and quality of life in patients with COVID-19.

Primary outcome measurement will be oxygen consumption (cardiopulmonary exercise test).

Secondary outcome will be muscle oxygenation (Moxy device), physical activity level (multi sensor activity device), pulmonary function (spirometer), functional exercise capacity (six-minute walk test), respiratory (mouth pressure device) and peripheral muscle (hand-held dynamometer) strength, inspiratory muscle endurance (incremental threshold loading test), functional status (Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale), dyspnea (London Chest Daily Living Activity Scale), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale) and quality of life (Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 40
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Ankara, Turkey, 06560
    • Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Clinic

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Between the ages of 18-75
• Diagnosed with COVID-19
• COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test result negative
• Volunteer to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Body mass index >35 kg/m2
• Acute pulmonary exacerbation, acute upper or lower respiratory tract infection
• Aortic stenosis, complex arrhythmia, aortic aneurysm
• Serious neurological, neuromuscular, orthopedic, other systemic diseases or other diseases affecting physical functions
• Cognitive impairment that causes difficulty in understanding and following exercise test instructions
• Participated in a planned exercise program in the last three months
• Bulla formation in the lung
• Uncontrolled hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus, heart failure and cardiovascular disease
• Contraindication for exercise testing and/or exercise training according to the American College of Sports Medicine

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Inspiratory Muscle Training Group; Patients in the training group will be performed inspiratory muscle training with the PowerBreathe® (inspiratory muscle training device) device at 50% of the maximal inspiratory pressure.	Other: Inspiratory Muscle Training Group; Patients in the training group will receive inspiratory muscle training with the PowerBreathe® (inspiratory muscle training device) at 50% of the maximal inspiratory pressure. Patients in the training group inspiratory muscle training will be given 2 sets of 15 minutes a day for a total of 30 minutes/per day or a single session for 30 minutes/week, 7 days/week for a total of 8 weeks. Patients in the training group will be given respiratory muscle strength training with a home program 6 days a week under the supervision of a physiotherapist 1 day a week.
Sham Comparator: Control Group; Control group will be given breathing exercises as a home program for 8 weeks.	Other: Control Group; Control group will be given breathing exercises 120 times/day, 7days/week, for 8 weeks as home program. Control group will be followed-up by telephone once a week

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Oxygen Consumption	Cardiopulmonary Exercises Test	First Day

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Functional exercise capacity	6 minute walking test	Second day
Respiratory Muscle Strength	Maximal inspiratory (MIP) and maximal expiratory (MEP) pressures expressing respiratory muscle strength were measured using a portable mouth pressure measuring device according to American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria.	Second day
Respiratory Muscle Endurance	Incremental threshold loading test	Second day
Peripheral Muscle Strength	Hand held dynamometer	Second day
Fatigue Severity	Fatigue Severity Scale (Turkish version) - Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) is a self-reported questionnaire. FSS evaluates patient's fatigue severity. This questionnaire includes 9 items and score range for each item from 1 to 7 point (7-point Likert scale). Fatigue Severity Scale score is calculates by deriving an arithmetic mean. Cut-scores of over 4 are indicative of significant fatigue (higher scores show more severe fatigue).	First day
Respiratory Associated Quality of Life (respiratory)	St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (Turkish version) (respiratory) - St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) is a self-reported questionnaire. SGRQ evaluates patients' respiratory disease associated quality of life. This questionnaire includes 2 part (part one is about symptoms (one subsection) and part two is about activity (seven subsection)) and 50 items. Some items scored as Likert scale and others scored as dichotomous (true/false).	First day
Dyspnea	London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale (LCADL): LCADL evaluates the limitation to perform activities of daily living by dyspnea and looks at four domains: selfcare, domestic, physical and leisure. It is composed of 15 items, which are scored by the patient as follows: 0 (I do not perform this activity because I never had to do it or it is irrelevant), 1 (I do not feel any breathless when performing this activity), 2 (I feel moderate breathless when performing this activity), 3 (I feel a lot of breathless in doing this activity), 4 (I cannot perform this activity due to breathless and I have no one who can do the activity for me) or 5 (I cannot perform this activity anymore and I need someone to do it for me or help me because of breathless).	First Time
Muscle oxygenation	Moxy® monitor	First and second day
Physical Activity Level	Multi sensor activity monitor	Second Day

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Gazi University
• Investigators: Study Director: Meral BOŞNAK GÜÇLÜ, Prof. Dr., Gazi University; Principal Investigator: Başak KAVALCI KOL, Pt. MSc., Gazi University; Principal Investigator: Ece BAYTOK, Pt. MSc., Gazi University; Principal Investigator: Nilgün YILMAZ DEMİRCİ, Assoc.Prof, Gazi University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Carfi A, Bernabei R, Landi F; Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group. Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19. JAMA. 2020 Aug 11;324(6):603-605. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.12603.
• Debeaumont D, Boujibar F, Ferrand-Devouge E, Artaud-Macari E, Tamion F, Gravier FE, Smondack P, Cuvelier A, Muir JF, Alexandre K, Bonnevie T. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing to Assess Persistent Symptoms at 6 Months in People With COVID-19 Who Survived Hospitalization: A Pilot Study. Phys Ther. 2021 Jun 1;101(6):pzab099. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzab099.
• Anastasio F, Barbuto S, Scarnecchia E, Cosma P, Fugagnoli A, Rossi G, Parravicini M, Parravicini P. Medium-term impact of COVID-19 on pulmonary function, functional capacity and quality of life. Eur Respir J. 2021 Sep 16;58(3):2004015. doi: 10.1183/13993003.04015-2020. Print 2021 Sep.
• Abodonya AM, Abdelbasset WK, Awad EA, Elalfy IE, Salem HA, Elsayed SH. Inspiratory muscle training for recovered COVID-19 patients after weaning from mechanical ventilation: A pilot control clinical study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Apr 2;100(13):e25339. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025339.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 25, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 15, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): May 20, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 8, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 8, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): February 9, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 24, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 23, 2024
• Last Verified: May 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: physical activity; COVID-19; inspiratory muscle training; oxygen consumption
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Coronavirus Infections; Coronaviridae Infections; Nidovirales Infections; RNA Virus Infections; Virus Diseases; Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Respiration Disorders; Pneumonia, Viral; Pneumonia; Lung Diseases; COVID-19; Respiratory Aspiration
• Other Study ID Numbers: Gazi University-

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No