Commerical DHA Supplementation

Serum Docosahexaenoic Acid After Third Trimester Commercially Available Supplementation: a Randomized Clinical Trial

The purpose of this study is to compare blood levels of women who take commericially available, low dose docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) dietary supplements in pregnancy with women who do not take supplements.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Pregnancy; Randomized Clinical Trial; Docosahexaenoic Acid
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Expecta 200mg DHA; Dietary supplement: Promise 275mg DHA

Detailed Description

The investigators recruited 73 pregnant women in the late third trimester from a low-risk midwifery clinic in compliance with the protocol approved by the investigators institutional review board regulations (HRPO #10-417). All women in the clinic were offered participation and enrollment was performed at 34-36 weeks gestational age for those who agreed. Exclusion criteria included, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes or pre-gestational diabetes, chronic use of medications, and other medical complication of pregnancy. Maternal data including age, gravidity, parity, gestational age, ethnicity, BMI at delivery, and mode of delivery were collected in compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act guidelines. Neonatal data, including gender, birth weight, height, and head circumference and maternal delivery charactersitics were collected after reviewing the delivery record.

Subjects consented to randomization into a group receiving a fish oil based 275mg Promise DHA (Biotegrity; Granbury, TX) by mouth each day, or an algae-based 200mg Expecta DHA (Mead Johnson; Evansville, IN) by mouth each day, or dietary habits as usual. Randomization assignments were concealed in opaque envelopes and revealed at the time of enrollment. Calendars were kept to document supplement use and unused supplements were turned in at the time of admission to labor and delivery. Pill counts were performed to verify the accuracy of calendars.

Sample size considerations: The investigators primary outcome measure was DHA level in maternal serum and neonatal cord blood. To detect a 15% increase in DHA proportions, it would require a sample size of 19 in each group. This study is a pilot investigation, designed to determine if a larger supplementation study would be feasible in the investigators population.

Collection of blood samples A venous blood sample was collected from each participant at the time of enrollment and randomization. Maternal blood was drawn from the antecubital fossa in tubes containing EDTA and stored at -4 degrees C. A second maternal sample was retrieved at the time of admission for labor in a similar fashion. Neonatal samples were similarly collected at the time of delivery, just after cord clamping. Within 72 hours of collection, nonhemolyzed maternal and neonatal samples were identified and centrifuged for 5 minutes in a clinical centrifuge, and the plasma portion was extracted and stored in 2-mL vials at -78 degrees C until fatty acid analysis was performed.

Fatty acid analyses:

Samples were allowed to thaw at room temperature and lipid extraction was performed using chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v) according to the method of Folch et al (1957). The extracted lipid residue was weighed after drying at 45oC under a stream of nitrogen. The total phospholipid component of serum was isolated by silicic acid column chromatography (26) of the total lipid fraction obtained by extracting a 1-mL aliquot of serum with chloroform: methanol (2:1,v/v). Fatty acids were transesterified to generate methyl esters using 0.5 N NaOH in methanol and 14% (w/v) boron trifluoride in methanol (27). Undecenoic acid (Nu-Check Prep, Elysian, MN) was added prior to methylation, and served as an internal standard.

Fatty acid methyl esters were quantified using a gas chromatograph (6890N, Agilent Technologies, Sunnyvale, CA) equipped with an autoinjector, a split/splitless capillary injection system, and a flame ionization detector as described elsewhere(28)(). A customized fatty acid mixture described by Loor and Herbein (28) and made with pure methyl ester standards, including AA and DHA, (Nu-Check Prep, Elysian, MN, USA; Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used to identify peaks and determine response factors for integration with a Chem DataStation (Agilent Technologies, Sunnyvale, CA).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 72
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • New Mexico
    • Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, 87131
      • University of New Mexico Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant
2. 34-36 weeks gestational age

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Maternal medical disease
2. Gestational diabetes
3. Pre-eclampsia
4. Fetal anomalies
5. Ingestion of DHA or fish oil dietary supplements during the current pregnancy

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Expecta 200mg DHA supplement; Women receive one daily softgel 200mg DHA algae-based DHA supplement sold as "Expecta."	Dietary supplement: Expecta 200mg DHA; Other Names: algae DHA
Active Comparator: Promise 275mg DHA supplement; Women receive one daily softgel 275mg DHA fish oil-based DHA supplement sold as "Promise."	Dietary supplement: Promise 275mg DHA; Other Names: fish oil DHA
No Intervention: Control/ no supplement; Women received care as usual and did not take any DHA supplement.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Maternal serum DHA weight % at delivery	Weight proportion of DHA in the total plasma phospholipids after supplementation	5 months
DHA in newborn cord blood after supplementation	Weight proportion of DHA in the total plasma phospholipids of newborn cord blood after maternal supplementation	up to 72 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of New Mexico
• Collaborators: National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)
• Investigators: Study Director: Steffen A Brown, MD, University of New Mexico; Principal Investigator: Ellen L Mozurkewich, MD, MS, University of New Mexico

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Wolfe MD, Chuang LT, Rayburn WF, Wen PC, VanderJagt DJ, Glew RH. Low fatty acid concentrations in neonatal cord serum correlate with maternal serum. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Aug;25(8):1292-6. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2011.631064. Epub 2012 Apr 24.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 1, 2011
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 1, 2011
• Study Completion (Actual): May 1, 2011

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 10, 2014
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 8, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): June 13, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): January 11, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 9, 2024
• Last Verified: January 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: pregnancy; docosahexaenoic acid
• Other Study ID Numbers: Mozurkewich 10-417; UL1RR031977 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)