Periodontal Status in Fermented Food and Food Consumption

Comparison of Consumption of Some Fermented Foods and Nutrient Intakes in Individuals with Periodontal Disease and Periodontal Health

Lack of certain nutrients and foods may negatively affect oral health. Therefore, nutrition plays an important role in maintaining oral health. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the nutrient intakes, consumption of food groups and some fermented foods of individuals with periodontal disease and health.

Ninety-three patients who applied to Periodontology Clinic were divided into three groups: periodontal health, gingivitis and periodontitis. In addition, plaque, gingival indices, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were evaluated. To determine individuals' daily energy and nutrient intakes and the consumption amounts of food groups, food consumption records were kept by the nutritionist for three consecutive days, with one of them was weekend, using the 24-hour recall method. Data on individuals' frequency and amount of consumption of some fermented products were recorded, considering the foods available in our culture and the market.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Periodontal Diseases
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: food consumption in periodontal health and disease

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 93
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Bolu, Turkey
    • Bolu abant Izzet Baysal University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 14 years to 61 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with three teeth other than 20-year-old teeth in each jaw

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy and lactation,
• Patients with an acute oral lesion or necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, -
• Patients with history of diabetes, rheumatic fever, lung and kidney disorders, and use of drugs that affect periodontal tissues (regular use of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and mouthwashes),
• Patients who smoke, or patients who did not quit until last year were not included in the study.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Peri-implantitis; patients with peri-implantitis	Other: food consumption in periodontal health and disease; To determine individuals' daily energy and nutrient intakes and the consumption amounts of food groups, food consumption records were kept by the nutritionist for three consecutive days, with one of them was weekend, using the 24-hour recall method. Data on individuals' frequency and amount of consumption of some fermented products were recorded, considering the foods available in our culture and the market.
Experimental: Peri-implant mucositis; patients with peri-implant mucositis	Other: food consumption in periodontal health and disease; To determine individuals' daily energy and nutrient intakes and the consumption amounts of food groups, food consumption records were kept by the nutritionist for three consecutive days, with one of them was weekend, using the 24-hour recall method. Data on individuals' frequency and amount of consumption of some fermented products were recorded, considering the foods available in our culture and the market.
Other: Peri-implant health; patients with peri-implant health	Other: food consumption in periodontal health and disease; To determine individuals' daily energy and nutrient intakes and the consumption amounts of food groups, food consumption records were kept by the nutritionist for three consecutive days, with one of them was weekend, using the 24-hour recall method. Data on individuals' frequency and amount of consumption of some fermented products were recorded, considering the foods available in our culture and the market.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
bleeding on probing	To test for bleeding after probing, the probe is carefully introduced to the bottom of the pocket and gently moved laterally along the pocket wall. + is maximum and - is minimum.	baseline
periodontal pocket depth	physical methods to measure the distance from the bottom of a pocket to a reference line, usually the gingival margin or the cemento-enamel junction.	baseline
food consumption record	One or three days of consumption is recorded	1 or 3 days
Frequency of consumption of fermented foods	the frequency of fermented foods is measured. The foods questioned were evaluated using a 7-point Likert-type frequency form (every day, 3-4 per week, 1-2 per week, 2 per month, 1 per month, never). In addition, the amounts of foods consumed each time were recorded, and the daily consumption amounts were obtained by dividing them by the frequency of consumption.	baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
clinical attachment level	The clinical attachment level (CAL) and radiographically assessed bone levels are used to assess the loss of periodontal tissue support in periodontitis, a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease of the periodontium.	baseline
plaque index	an index for estimating the status of oral hygiene by measuring dental plaque that occurs in the areas adjacent to the gingival margin. 0 is minimum and 3 is maximum. The situation worsens as the score increases.	baseline
gingival index	The Gingival Index (GI) scores each site on a 0 to 3 scale, with 0 being normal and 3 being severe inflammation characterized by edema, redness, swelling, and spontaneous bleeding. 0 is minimum and 3 is maximum. The situation worsens as the score increases.	baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Tuğba ŞAHİN

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 27, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): December 25, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 29, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 26, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): November 2, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 25, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 2, 2025
• Last Verified: February 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: periodontal disease; fermented foods; periodontal health
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mouth Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases; Periodontal Diseases
• Other Study ID Numbers: BAIBU-DH-TS-01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No