Investigation From Biopsychosocial Perspective of Patients With Rheumatic Disease With Covid-19 Who Participated in a Biopsychosocial Exercise Program: A Case Series With 6-Month Follow-up

Objective: This novel study aimed to interrogate from a biopsychosocial perspective the health conditions during the Covid-19 infection and long-Covid periods of 5 patients with rheumatic disease infected with Covid-19 who had acquired the habit of regular exercise before the pandemic.

Method: This case study included five patients suffering from Covid-19 infection among patients with rheumatic disease who had acquired the habit of regular exercise before the Covid-19 pandemic. It was applied a questionnaire to the patients from a biopsychosocial perspective to see the short and long-term effects of Covid-19 during and after quarantine. Moreover, the study used the BETY-Biopsychosocical Questionnaire (BETY-BQ) to evaluate a biopsychosocial point, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) to measure functional status, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess anxiety and depression.

Results: In BETY-BQ, HAQ, and HADS, there was an unfavorable increase in overall scores of all patients during Covid-19. After six months, although the results from these three scales improved, some of the patients could not return to their pre-covid state.

Conclusions: The patients participating in the telerehabilitation were able to return to everyday life after Covid more efficiently and overcome post-Covid symptoms easily. This study is important in guiding the exercise approach for patients with rheumatic diseases in pandemics such as Covid-19.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Rheumatic Diseases
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımı (BETY, Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach)

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 5
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, 46000
    • Nazli Elif Nacar

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with the rheumatic disease passed for at least six months after their Covid-19 infection between the ages of 18-65 were included in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Exclusion criteria were the presence of deformity that does not allow exercise, cardiopulmonary disorders, uncontrolled endocrine system diseases, severe psychiatric illnesses, and insufficient skills in using a smartphone.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: BETY exercise group; intervention group Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımı (BETY, Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach) is a group exercise method that conforms to the biopsychosocial model via telerehabilitation Exercise dosage is 60 minute three days a week.	Other: Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımı (BETY, Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach); Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımı (BETY, Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach) is a group exercise method that conforms to the biopsychosocial model via telerehabilitation.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Qualitative research	We aimed to complete qualitative interviews to investigate the biopsychosocial perspectives of patients with rheumatic diseases in the study. A team of four physiotherapists experienced in rheumatic diseases prepared an interview guide based on prior studies in the literature. The interview guide consisted of 25-item questions from a biopsychosocial perspective to see the short and long-term effects of Covid-19 infection on these patients during and after quarantine.	at 6 month

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımı-Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (BETY-BQ)	The scale consists of 30 items. The scoring of the scale was made using a 5-point Likert system. Each question is scored as "No never: 0 Yes rarely: 1 Yes sometimes: 2 Yes often: 3 Yes always: 4" and gives a total score over 30 items. A high score means that the biopsychosocial situation is 'bad'.	before infection, during infection and at 6 month after infection
Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ)	The functional status of the patients was determined by the Health Assessment Questionnaire. The 20-question scale has 8 subtitles that include dressing, sitting, eating, walking, hygiene, reaching out, grasping, and daily life activities. Each answer is scored between 0 and 3 points. It means "0 = Without difficulty, 1 = A little difficult, 2 = Very difficult and 3 = I can never do it". The total score is the average score derived from 8 points for each category.High score indicates low functional status.	before infection, during infection and at 6 month after infection
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)	The anxiety and depression of the patients was determined by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). This questionnaire is consisting of 14 questions with 4 options. The higher the score, the higher the anxiety and depression levels.	before infection, during infection and at 6 month after infection

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 1, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): October 1, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 26, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 24, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): March 28, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 28, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 24, 2023
• Last Verified: March 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: biopsychosocial exercise; qualitative research; case report; Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach; rheumatology rehabilitation
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Musculoskeletal Diseases; Connective Tissue Diseases; Rheumatic Diseases; Collagen Diseases
• Other Study ID Numbers: Kahramanmaras S I U

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No