Improving Availability of Intranasal Naloxone

Improving Availability of Intranasal Naloxone Rescue for Opioid Overdose

While there is a lifesaving medication called naloxone that can reverse the deadly effects of opioid overdose, patients often fail to fill the prescription at the pharmacy when it is prescribed. This is particularly concerning and true in those at the highest risk of death-those who end up in the emergency department for opioid overdose. The goal of this study is to compare the impact of different overdose education on naloxone prescription fill rates in opioid users being discharged from our hospital emergency department. You will receive either (a) written education about naloxone through their MyChart account, or (b) a concise one-page handout and 4-minute video clip reviewed with the participant and a support individual (family/friend) prior to discharge.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Opioid Overdose
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Standard education; Behavioral: Enhanced Overdose Education (EOE)

Detailed Description

The rates of opioid overdose and overdose deaths in Connecticut have increased dramatically in the past decade. While there is a lifesaving medication called naloxone that can reverse the deadly effects of opioid overdose, patients often fail to fill the prescription at the pharmacy when it is prescribed. This is particularly concerning and true in those at the highest risk of death-those who end up in the emergency department for opioid overdose. Indeed, a recent national study by the University of Michigan found that from 2001 to 2016 less than 1% of patients filled their prescription for naloxone following ED discharge. To address this problem, The investigators propose a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing an experimental education intervention that may improve prescription fill rate against the current standard of care at the Hartford Hospital ED (HH-ED). Our primary aim is to provide preliminary data on the impact of an enhanced overdose education (EOE) delivered at the HH-ED, on intranasal naloxone rescue kit prescription fill rates in opioid users. The investigators hypothesize that compared to those who receive standard education (written instructions, current standard of care), opioid users who receive EOE while being discharged from the emergency department will be more likely to fill the prescription for an intranasal naloxone rescue kit within one month of hospital discharge. Our secondary aim is to obtain preliminary data on the impact of EOE, delivered at the HH-ED, on naloxone rescue kit knowledge. The investigators hypothesize that compared to the current standard education, opioid users and their support network, who receive EOE while being discharged from the emergency department, will retain more educational content about naloxone rescue kits at one-month post ED visit. In exploratory fashion, the investigators will also qualitatively examine reasons the kit was or was not filled. The long-term, overarching goal of this line of research is to reduce mortality in opioid users, starting with increasing the likelihood that rescue kit prescriptions will be filled.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 84
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Jimmy Choi, PsyD; Phone Number: 860-545-7128; Email: jimmy.choi@hhchealth.org

Study Locations

• United States
  • Connecticut
    • Hartford, Connecticut, United States, 06106
      • Recruiting
      • Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center
      • Contact: Jimmy Choi, PsyD; Email: jimmy.choi@hhchealth.org
      • Sub-Investigator: Michael Stevens, PhD
    • Hartford, Connecticut, United States, 06106
      • Recruiting
      • Hartford Hospital Emergency Department
      • Contact: David Pepper, MD

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

-Patients will be in the process of being discharged from Hartford Hospital ED with a naloxone kit prescription following opiate or opioid intoxication/poisoning, use of illicit opioids or prescription opioids, or opioid injection use-related conditions

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient has previously received the standard naloxone kit education or has a known allergy to naloxone and/or kit constituents
• Patient or support network does not speak English
• Patient is in police custody
• Patient is not being discharged home from the ED.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Standard education; Written instructions and information communicated to the patient through MyChart. The following four key points are covered: (1) When someone overdoses on opiates, their breathing will get very slow and may stop (2) Naloxone is a safe life-saving medication that can reverse an opioid overdose (3) You give someone naloxone by injecting it through the nostril, (4) If a first dose of naloxone does not work after about 3 minutes, give a second dose.	Behavioral: Standard education; Written instructions that accompany a kit prescription in many EDs throughout the country.
Experimental: Enhanced Overdose Education (EOE); A one-page education pamphlet handed to participants and their identified support individual and a 4-minute video clip that will be viewed in the hospital and emailed or texted to both. EOE is purposefully brief and intended to increase uptake by participants and their support network who may not be motivated or willing to engage in face-to-face or extensive education. The pamphlet and video both emphasize the Why and How. That is, the significance of naloxone in decreasing the likelihood of death following an overdose while providing simple instructions on how to use the nasal kit. They also emphasize an important point missing in standard education: to tell others in the support network where it is and how to use it.	Behavioral: Enhanced Overdose Education (EOE); EOE was adapted by Co-I Dr. Monique Miley at HHC's premier addiction hospital-The Rushford Center. It follows the guidelines set by Co-PI Jonathan Craig Allen when working with opioid patients reluctant to obtain naloxone: Express confidence in naloxone; Provide a clear statement about suitability (You are an excellent candidate for naloxone); Begin discussion using presumptive language (You must be ready for an overdose)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Prescription fill rate	Pharmacy records/survey to determine if naloxone kit prescription was filled	1 month

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Education content survey	Questionnaire measuring how much of education was retained and reasons for filling or not filling prescription	1 month

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Hartford Hospital
• Collaborators: Hartford HealthCare
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Jonathan C Allen, MD, Hartford Healthcare

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 1, 2024
• Primary Completion (Estimated): August 31, 2025
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 31, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 17, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 17, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): May 26, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 7, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 6, 2024
• Last Verified: June 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Naloxone; Overdose education
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Chemically-Induced Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders; Narcotic-Related Disorders; Opioid-Related Disorders; Prescription Drug Misuse; Drug Misuse; Drug Overdose; Opiate Overdose
• Other Study ID Numbers: HHC-2023-0079

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No