Effects of Alveolar Recruitment Strategies on Arterial Oxygenation and Postoperative Inflammatory Response During Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: A Randomised Control Trial.

even though the advancement of ambulatory bariatric surgeries, yet the precise spot of recruitment manoeuvres as a secure and efficient approach to enhance the respiratory efficacy of obese patients is still obscured. Previous research have extensively focused their attention towards alveolar recruitment with various positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels to alleviate anaesthesia induced pulmonary collapse and enhance arterial oxygenation.

Patients and methods: a prospective randomized study involved 60 adult obese patients (18-65 years), with American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical Status classification 1-2, enrolled in 2 groups; Group S: received protective lung strategy with recruitment manoeuvre (RM) every 30 minutes and steady PEEP (10) cm H2o in between RM till end of surgery. Group D: received protective lung strategy with recruitment manoeuvre (RM) every 30 minutes and decreasing PEEP (15, 10, and 5) cm H20 (10 minutes for each level) in between RM till end of surgery.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Bariatric Surgery Candidate
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: protective lung strategy with recruitment manoeuvre (RM) - steady PEEP; Procedure: protective lung strategy with recruitment manoeuvre (RM) - decreasing PEEP

Detailed Description

• Atelectasis arises shortly following onset of anaesthesia even among a healthy volunteer, and is closely correlated to escalation of intrapulmonary hypoxemia and inevitable gas exchange derangement .
• sixty adult obese patients (body mass index more than 35 kg/m2), of both sexes, aged from 18-65 years old, with American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical Status classification scores of 1-2, scheduled for laparoscopic bariatric procedures. Exclusion criteria were patients refusal, history of significant pulmonary disease (obstructive or restrictive), previous pneumothorax, significant cardiac dysfunction (arrhythmias ± unstable haemodynamics, left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%), difficult intubation as well as those suffering from significant hepatic or renal impairment. Furthermore, patients developed episodes of hemodynamic instability (like desaturation (Sp02< 90 %) or mean blood pressure (MAP) < 60 mmHg) during recruitment manoeuvre were omitted from the study.

• Subjects were randomly assigned -via closed envelopes technique opened immediately before induction- into 2 equal groups (n=30 each) to receive 1 of the following ventilatory regimens:

  • Group S: patients received protective lung strategy with recruitment manoeuvre (RM) every 30 minutes and steady PEEP (10) cm H2o in between RM till end of surgery.
  • Group D: patients received protective lung strategy with recruitment manoeuvre (RM) every 30 minutes and decreasing PEEP (15, 10, and 5) cm H20 (10 minutes for each level) in between RM till end of surgery.
• Anaesthesia was induced with lidocaine (1mg/kg) followed by (1.5 - 2 mg/kg) propofol (ideal body weight) and (1-1.5 μg/kg) fentanyl. Endotracheal intubation was accomplished with rocuronium (1mg/kg) and a suitable sized tube (8.0 ID). Anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane (1-2 %) with (50 %) oxygen in air. Neuromuscular block was continued with rocuronium boluses monitored by train-of four along with additional doses of opioids given as required to achieve a suitable clinical depth of anaesthesia. Precise fluid replacement was administrated consistent with the standard administration guidelines during anaesthesia.
• Patients were ventilated using Datex-Ohmeda Aestiva/5 (Madison, WI) anaesthesia machine, (volume controlled mode) with lung protective strategy using a tidal volume of 6- 8 ml/kg ideal body weight, (5-10 cm H20) PEEP and 50 % O2 in air adjusted to reach Spo2 ≥ 95 %. The respiratory rate was adjusted to keep end - tidal Co2 level between (35 -45 mmHg), and inspiratory to expiratory times at a ratio 1:2.

• Measurements

  1. Hemodynamic parameters: HR and MAP.
  2. Respiratory mechanics: Peak airway pressure (Paw-peak) and Plateau pressure (Paw-plat).

  3. Oxygenation parameters: Partial arterial tension of oxygen (PaO2), PaO2/FiO2 ratio and oxygen saturation (SpO2).

     All the previous measurements were recorded at the following time points: T0 (baseline value on room air), T5 (5 minutes after pneumoperitoneum), T30 (30 minutes after first RM), T6o (60 minutes after first RM), T90 (90 minutes after first RM), TE (20 minutes after the end of surgery on nasal cannula 3 L /min). Additional arterial blood gases analysis was performed in the PACU after 30 mins and 1 hr postoperatively.

  4. Serum interleukins (IL)-6 and (IL)-8, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Biosource, Biosite, Germany) in (pg/ml) were measured as baseline preoperative value and after 24 hr postoperatively. Validation of methods and degrees of concentrations was done following to the accompanied instructions.
  5. Postoperative pulmonary and non-pulmonary complication - (if any) - were assessed and reported in the PACU.
  6. Other variables like: duration of anaesthesia, duration of surgery, pneumoperitoneum time, number of patients needed vasopressors, length of ICU stay and hospital stay.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 60
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Egypt
  • Alexandria, Egypt, 21615
    • Alexandria University Faculty of Medicin

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

- American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical Status classification scores of 1-2, scheduled for laparoscopic bariatric procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients refusal,
• history of significant pulmonary disease (obstructive or restrictive),
• previous pneumothorax,
• significant cardiac dysfunction (arrhythmias ± unstable haemodynamics
• left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%)
• difficult intubation
• significant hepatic or renal impairment.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Group S; patients received protective lung strategy with recruitment manoeuvre (RM) every 30 minutes and steady PEEP (10) cm H2O in between RM till end of surgery.	Procedure: protective lung strategy with recruitment manoeuvre (RM) - steady PEEP; protective lung strategy with recruitment manoeuvre (RM) every 30 minutes and steady PEEP (10) cm H2o in between RM till end of surgery.
Active Comparator: Group D; patients received protective lung strategy with recruitment manoeuvre (RM) every 30 minutes and decreasing PEEP (15, 10, and 5) cm H20 (10 minutes for each level) in between RM till end of surgery.	Procedure: protective lung strategy with recruitment manoeuvre (RM) - decreasing PEEP; protective lung strategy with recruitment manoeuvre (RM) every 30 minutes and decreasing PEEP (15, 10, and 5) cm H20 (10 minutes for each level) in between RM till end of surgery.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Partial arterial tension of oxygen (PaO2),	20 minutes postoperatively
Serum interleukins (IL)-6	after 24 hours postoperative

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Alexandria University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 5, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 30, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): June 5, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 18, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 18, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): July 25, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 25, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 18, 2023
• Last Verified: June 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: atelectasis; bariatric; alveolar recruitment
• Other Study ID Numbers: 0305904

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No