Effects of CPRP on Patients Undergoing Lung Resection (CPRP)

Effects of Comprehensive Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs (CPRP) on Patients Undergoing Lung Resection: a Randomized Controlled Trial

The aim of this project is to investigate the effectiveness of implementing a Comprehensive Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program (CPRP) in patients undergoing lung resection surgery. The CPRP encompasses a training regimen combining aerobic exercise, resistance exercises, breathing exercises, and home activities, specifically tailored for patients with limited exercise capacity and impaired lung function. The study seeks to understand the physiological and biological effects of the CPRP in this patient population.

Study Overview

• Status: Enrolling by invitation
• Conditions: Rehabilitation
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Standard care; Other: Comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation programs

Detailed Description

Background: Elderly patients with compromised lung function or poor health conditions undergoing lung resection surgery face an increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs play a crucial role in enhancing recovery after surgery, having been shown to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications and enhance patients' pre- and post-operative exercise capacity, functional performance, and quality of life. However, due to the heterogeneity of interventions in pulmonary rehabilitation programs, the optimal timing, methods, or duration of exercise training for lung resection patients remain unclear. Additionally, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the changes and impacts of biomarkers in the blood of lung resection patients following intervention with pulmonary rehabilitation programs.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the physiological and biological effects of a comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program in lung resection surgery patients with limited exercise capacity and impaired lung function.

Research Methods: This study adopts an open label, randomized, parallel design, intending to recruit 96 lung resection surgery participants divided into a control group receiving standard care and an experimental group receiving the comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation programs. The intervention period spans 1-2 weeks pre-surgery, during hospitalization, and 3-6 weeks post-discharge. Participants will undergo four assessments at randomization (baseline, T0), one day pre-surgery (T1), the day of discharge post-surgery (T2), and at trial completion (T3). The primary endpoint is the six-minute walk test. Secondary endpoints include lung function, lung expansion volume, respiratory muscle strength, incidence of postoperative complications and pulmonary complications, chest tube duration, length of hospital stay, quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30), and pain. Exploratory endpoints involve inflammation-related and immune-related biomarkers.

Expected Impact: This study will provide valuable insights into the physiological and biological effects of a comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation programs for lung resection surgery patients. Results may contribute to improving patient outcomes and advancing academic understanding and clinical guidelines in this field.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 96
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Taiwan
  • Chiayi City, Taiwan
    • Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults (age ≥ 20 years old)
• Receiving lung resection surgery

• At least one of the following:

  6MWD < 500 meters, oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) drop ≥ 4% or SpO2< 90% during 6MWT, pre-operative forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) or forced vital capacity (FVC) ≤ 80% of predicted value or FEV1/FVC ratio ≤ 0.7

• Able to walk autonomously without mobility aids
• Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Neoadjuvant therapy with chemo- or radiotherapy in the six months prior to surgery
• Received pulmonary rehabilitation programs six months prior to surgery
• Previous lung resection
• Inability to perform the exercise training
• Instability in cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, or musculoskeletal conditions
• Have cognitive deficits with potential severe impact on compliance
• Do not provide written informed consent

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Sham Comparator: standard care group; Participants randomize to the standard care group (SC) receive the standard care already established in Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Standard care comprises one therapeutic education session conducted by a respiratory therapist 1-2 weeks before surgery.	Other: Standard care; The pre-operative educational session has a duration of 40 minutes and covers pre-operative education, breathing exercises (diaphragmatic breathing, deep breathing techniques and sustained maximal inflation), and airway clearance techniques (directed cough, huffing, and chest physiotherapy). Patients are instructed to perform these techniques ten times per waking hour, every day. The in-patient peri-operative session incorporates intermittent positive pressure breathing inhalation (IPPB) administered for 15 minutes twice daily. Inhalation therapy involving mucolytics and bronchodilators is administered three times per day, and early mobilization is encouraged until discharge. Upon discharge, participants are encouraged to continue practicing breathing exercises, deep breathing techniques, and maintaining an active level of activity.
Experimental: comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program group; Participants randomize to the comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program group (CPRP) undergo an evidence-based and hospital-based comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program developed by the research group. This program is administered in addition to the standard care provided and spans across the preoperative, peri-operative, and postoperative periods, covering a total of 1-2 weeks preoperatively and 3-6 weeks postoperatively. CPRP involves warm-up and cool-down exercises, the aerobic training, and the resistance training. Additionally, participants are encouraged to continue exercising at home or in community sports facilities.	Other: Standard care; The pre-operative educational session has a duration of 40 minutes and covers pre-operative education, breathing exercises (diaphragmatic breathing, deep breathing techniques and sustained maximal inflation), and airway clearance techniques (directed cough, huffing, and chest physiotherapy). Patients are instructed to perform these techniques ten times per waking hour, every day. The in-patient peri-operative session incorporates intermittent positive pressure breathing inhalation (IPPB) administered for 15 minutes twice daily. Inhalation therapy involving mucolytics and bronchodilators is administered three times per day, and early mobilization is encouraged until discharge. Upon discharge, participants are encouraged to continue practicing breathing exercises, deep breathing techniques, and maintaining an active level of activity.; Other: Comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation programs; Warm-up and cool-down exercises: stretching various muscle groups for a duration of 15 to 20 minutes and a slow 3-minute walk; Aerobic training: using a lower-limb cycle ergometer for a duration of 30 to 40 minutes. Initiated warm-up at 0 wattages for 5 minutes. Incrementally increased wattages within 5-10 minutes until reaching the 40-80% heart rate reserve or 4 to 6 of modified Borg scale for at least 20 minutes. Concludes with a 5-minute cool-down period at 10 wattages.; The resistance training involves both upper and lower limbs: （1） Upper Limb Resistance Training: Shoulder lift, abduction, and horizontal abduction exercises are performed. Each exercise is repeated for three sessions comprising 10 repetitions each. A 0.5-2 kg dumbbell is utilized for resistance. （2） Lower Limb Resistance Training: Sit-to-stand exercises are performed. Each session consists of three sets of 10 repetitions.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Six-minute walk distance (6MWD)	Six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a sub-maximal exercise test used to assess aerobic capacity and endurance.	Baseline; one day pre-surgery; an average of post-surgery 2 weeks; through study completion, an average of 10 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Pulmonary function test	Using spirometry to measure pulmonary function parameters.	Baseline; one day pre-surgery; an average of post-surgery 2 weeks; through study completion, an average of 10 weeks
Respiratory muscle strength	Measurement of respiratory muscle strength includes maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), which assess the force exerted by muscles during maximal inspiratory and expiratory efforts, respectively. During the test, the subject sits and uses a mouthpiece connected to an electronic pressure gauge while wearing a nose clip to prevent air leakage. For MIP, the subject starts from residual volume and performs a maximal inspiratory effort. For MEP, the subject starts from total lung capacity and performs a maximal expiratory effort. The highest value from three measurements is recorded as the test result.	Baseline; one day pre-surgery; an average of post-surgery 2 weeks; through study completion, an average of 10 weeks
Length of hospital stay (LoS)	Length of hospital stay	an average of post-surgery 2 weeks
Duration of chest-tube insertion	Duration of chest-tube insertion	an average of post-surgery 2 weeks
Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)	The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) is a commonly used clinical tool for assessing pain intensity, ranging from 0 to 10 to represent varying degrees of pain. It is scored from 0-10 (0 meaning no pain and 10 meaning the worst pain.	Baseline; one day pre-surgery; an average of post-surgery 2 weeks; through study completion, an average of 10 weeks
European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30, version 3, Chinese Mandarin (Taiwan))	The EORTC QLQ-C30 is designed to assess health-related quality of life in cancer patients, consisting of 30 items. It includes five functional scales: cognitive (2 items), emotional (4 items), physical (5 items), role (2 items), and social (2 items) functions. Symptom scales cover fatigue (3 items), nausea/vomiting (2 items), and pain (2 items). Single items assess appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea, dyspnea, sleep disturbances, and financial difficulties. Additionally, two items evaluate overall health status/quality of life. Each item is equally weighted, with scores linearly transformed to a 0-100 scale. For functional scales and overall health status/quality of life, higher scores indicate better function or quality of life, whereas higher scores on symptom scales denote more severe symptoms or problems.	Baseline; one day pre-surgery; an average of post-surgery 2 weeks; through study completion, an average of 10 weeks
Postoperative complications (POCs) and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs)	Postoperative complications (POCs) and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs)	an average of post-surgery 2 weeks
Lung expansion volume	measured by volume-oriented incentive spirometry	Baseline; one day pre-surgery; an average of post-surgery 2 weeks; through study completion, an average of 10 weeks

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
inflammation-related and immune-related biomarkers	insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), C reactive protein (CRP), Surfactant Protein-D (SP-D), Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p70, IL-13, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma	Baseline; one day pre-surgery; an average of post-surgery 2 weeks; through study completion, an average of 10 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Chun-Jung Chang, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 15, 2024
• Primary Completion (Estimated): April 1, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): April 1, 2027

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 12, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 27, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): May 29, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): September 2, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 25, 2025
• Last Verified: May 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: biomarkers; quality of life; six-minute walk test; lung resection surgery; comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation programs
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Health Services Administration; Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation; Quality of Health Care; Quality Indicators, Health Care; Standard of Care
• Other Study ID Numbers: 202400512B0

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No