Iron Status in Children With ADHD

Iron Status in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Evaluation of the status of iron deficiency in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: CBC

Detailed Description

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting ~5-8% of children worldwide. For about 60% children with ADHD, the symptoms persist into adulthood. Individuals with ADHD have poorer educational and social outcomes, increased injury incidences during daily activities and an elevated risk of developing more severe mental disorders.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by persistent, impairing and developmentally inappropriate inattentive/disorganized and/or hyperactive/impulsive behaviors that lie at the far end of a normally distributed continuum.

Dopamine is one of the key neurotransmitters in the brain. Besides its regulatory role in motor and limbic functions, dopamine also regulates cognition, attention, and reward, each of which is impaired in ADHD. The nigrostriatal dopamine pathway is involved in motor control, while the mesolimbic dopamine pathway is involved in motivation and reinforcement learning. The mesocortical dopamine pathway originating in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and projecting to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a role in cognitive functioning.

Brain iron homeostasis may be important in the pathophysiology of ADHD because iron is a cofactor of the rate-limiting enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which is required for dopamine synthesis in the metabolism of dopamine and the hypodopaminergic state of the brain in ADHD results in the symptoms of the disorder. Moreover, iron is colocalized with dopamine in the brain of children with ADHD.

In children, iron deficiency can therefore lead to delayed cognitive, motor, attention and memory deficits, visual and auditory deficits, decreased school performance, and/or behavioral disorders, some with persistent long-term effects.

WHO defines anemia in a population as a mild, moderate, or severe public health problem if its prevalence is 5-20%, 20-40%, or >40%, respectively. Most of the WHO countries have a moderate-to-severe public health problem with anemia, i.e., over 20% of women and young children are affected. In developing countries, diets with poor iron bioavailability are the primary cause of iron deficiency anemia.

There is a high demand for dietary iron during infancy and preschool years to support physical growth, rapid brain development, and early learning capacity.Prompt identification and treatment of anemia leads to overall improvement of population health outcomes, improved physical exercise performance, and well-being that results in enhanced economic productivity.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Estimated): 44

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Mariam Safwat Finiar, MB.BCh; Phone Number: 01274247710; Email: mariamsafwat365@gmail.com
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Emad El-Deen Mahmoud Hammad, Professor; Phone Number: 01223559943; Email: emadhammad@aun.edu.eg

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

All children above 4 years and under 12 years old diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• All children above 4 years and under 12 years old diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) according to DSM-V criteria.
• Not receiving iron therapy

Exclusion Criteria:

• Children under 4 years old
• Above 12 years old
• Not diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)
• Any other associated neurological disorder

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Iron status in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	To determine number of patients with ADHD who have associated iron deficiency	Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Assiut University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Mantadakis E, Chatzimichael E, Zikidou P. Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children Residing in High and Low-Income Countries: Risk Factors, Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 1;12(1):e2020041. doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2020.041. eCollection 2020.

Helpful Links

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Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): September 1, 2024
• Primary Completion (Estimated): September 1, 2025
• Study Completion (Estimated): October 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 9, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 15, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): July 17, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 17, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 15, 2024
• Last Verified: July 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Neurologic Manifestations; Dyskinesias; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Hyperkinesis
• Other Study ID Numbers: Iron status in ADHD

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No