Prevention/Reduction of ASRs and PTSD to Sustain Civilian Performance With Sublingual Cyclobenzaprine HCl (TNX-102 SL) (OASIS)

Prevention/Reduction of ASRs and PTSD to Sustain Civilian Performance With Sublingual Cyclobenzaprine HCl (TNX-102 SL) - (Optimizing Acute Stress Reaction Interventions With TNX-102 SL - OASIS)

This study will examine the safety and efficacy of TNX-102 SL to reduce ASR symptoms and behavioral changes among patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) after motor vehicle collision (MVC). Specifically, the investigators will perform the Optimizing Acute Stress reaction Interventions with TNX-102 SL (OASIS) Trial, a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial (RCT) to determine if TNX-102 SL initiated in the ED in the hours after MVC to high risk individuals, treats/reduces acute stress reaction (ASR)/acute stress disorder (ASD) symptoms (primary outcome), improves neurocognitive function, and prevents/reduces posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms (secondary outcomes) long term. 180 participants will be randomized, receive study drug in ED and be discharged with a 2-week drug supply. Prior to initial dose of study drug administration, and during the hours, days, and weeks after participants will receive serial longitudinal assessments of psychological and somatic symptoms, neurocognitive function, and adverse events.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Acute Stress Disorder; Neurocognitive Function; Post-traumatic Stress; Acute Stress Reaction
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Cyclobenzaprine HCl; Drug: Placebo

Detailed Description

U.S. military personnel are exposed to life-threatening traumatic events (e.g., intense firefights with multiple casualties) that result in acute stress reaction (ASR) symptoms (ICD-10) and posttraumatic stress (PTS). Similarly, acute and persistent stress symptoms, and related adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae, are also very common and cause a tremendous burden of suffering in civilian populations following exposure to life-threatening traumatic events (e.g., motor vehicle collision, violent or accidental death of a loved one, and assault). TNX-102 SL (cyclobenzaprine HCl sublingual tablet) is being developed for the management of fibromyalgia (FM), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc; the FM program is in mid-Phase 3 development and PTSD is Phase 3 ready. In previous PTSD and fibromyalgia studies, TNX-102 SL has demonstrated the ability to improve sleep quality, which, based on published clinical studies of fear memory and stress responsiveness, has been shown to play a significant role in stress recovery. To date, TNX-102 SL has undergone an intense nonclinical and clinical development including Phase 1, 2, and 3 studies that assessed safety in over 1,180 subjects. TNX-102 SL is an extremely promising agent to reduce ASR symptoms and related behavioral changes, to enhance resilience and improve warfighter performance, and to reduce the frequency and severity of persistent/chronic PTS symptoms. The results of this study will ultimately provide military personnel, veterans, and civilians with an important new treatment option that, when administered in the early aftermath of traumatic stress exposure, can improve recovery, job performance, and quality of life.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 180
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Romina Soudavari; Phone Number: 9843195030; Email: romina_soudavari@med.unc.edu

Study Locations

• United States
  • Alabama
    • Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35294
      • Not yet recruiting
      • University of Alabama at Birmingham
      • Contact: Whitney Taylor
      • Principal Investigator: Lauren Walter
  • Indiana
    • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46202
      • Recruiting
      • Indiana University
      • Principal Investigator: Paul Musey, MD
      • Contact: Leah Emmons; Phone Number: 463-274-2373; Email: ldemmons@iu.edu
  • Kansas
    • Kansas City, Kansas, United States, 66160
      • Recruiting
      • University of Kansas Medical Center
      • Contact: Lucas Lemar; Phone Number: 913-588-3580; Email: llemar@kumc.edu
      • Principal Investigator: Lindsay Maguire, MD
      • Sub-Investigator: Chad Cannon, MD
  • Missouri
    • St Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110
      • Recruiting
      • Washington University in St. Louis
      • Principal Investigator: Stacey House, MD
      • Contact: Jamie Mills; Phone Number: 314-273-1382; Email: jamiem@wustl.edu
  • New Jersey
    • Camden, New Jersey, United States, 08103
      • Recruiting
      • Cooper University Health System
      • Principal Investigator: Christopher Jones
      • Contact: Dylan Kurowsky
  • Ohio
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210
      • Recruiting
      • The Ohio State University
      • Contact: Hawa Sall
      • Principal Investigator: Michael Lyons
  • Rhode Island
    • Providence, Rhode Island, United States, 02903
      • Recruiting
      • Rhode Island Hospital
      • Contact: Carolyn Ortega; Phone Number: 401-444-6619; Email: cortega@lifespan.org
      • Contact: Sarah Tokarz; Phone Number: 401-606-9815; Email: stokarz1@lifespan.org
      • Principal Investigator: Adam Aluisio, MD
    • Providence, Rhode Island, United States, 02903
      • Recruiting
      • The Miriam Hospital
      • Contact: Carolyn Ortega; Phone Number: 401-444-6619; Email: cortega@lifespan.org
      • Principal Investigator: Adam Aluisio, MD
  • Texas
    • San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78229
      • Not yet recruiting
      • University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
      • Contact: Stephanie Perez
      • Principal Investigator: Ralph Riviello

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. ≥ 18 years and ≤ 55 years of age
2. Presentation to ED within 72 hours of MVC
3. Anticipated to be discharged home from the ED
4. Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study
5. Consent to receive unencrypted communications
6. Has a smartphone with continuous service for ≥ 1 year
7. Has a personal email address they regularly access
8. Able to speak and read English
9. Pain severity in the ED ≥ 4 (0-10 numeric rating scale)
10. People who are not of childbearing potential (e.g., hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, or confirmed postmenopausal for at least last 12 consecutive months)
11. People with the capacity to conceive a pregnancy must agree to employ a highly effective form of birth control throughout the first 21 days of study participation (e.g., oral, injected, transdermal, or implanted hormonal methods of contraception for at least one full menstrual cycle prior to study drug administration; placement of an intrauterine device (IUD) or intrauterine system (IUS); or double barrier methods such as condoms and diaphragms)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Substantial comorbid injury (e.g., long bone fracture)
2. People of childbearing potential who are pregnant, breastfeeding, planning to become pregnant, or not using a highly effective form of contraception (e.g., implants, intrauterine devices (IUDs), tubal ligation, hormonal birth control pills, patches, vaginal rings, or injections) during their participation
3. Prisoner status
4. Any chronic daily opioid use prior to MVC
5. Active psychosis, suicidal ideation, or homicidal ideation
6. Plans for hospital admission
7. History of arrhythmias, heart block or conduction disturbances, congestive heart failure
8. Currently in the acute recovery phase of myocardial infarction
9. Hypersensitivity to cyclobenzaprine or the excipient in TNX-102 SL or placebo formulations
10. History of urinary retention, angle-closure glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure, or hyperthyroidism (TSH < lower limit of normal)
11. Concomitant use of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors or within 14 days after their discontinuation due to risk of potential fatal drug-drug interactions
12. Current or planned use of the following prohibited concomitant medications during study participation: anticholinergic medications, guanethidine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) , serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), tramadol, bupropion, meperidine, verapamil, MAO inhibitors, anticholinergic medications, guanethidine, potent cytochrome P450 subtype 3A4 inhibitor, St. John's wort, chronic use muscle relaxants or planned use after MCV or other prohibited concomitant medications listed in section 5.6. PI to assess individual cases where single dose of muscle relaxant is prescribed in ED for inclusion
13. Any hepatic impairment or renal disease (defined as AST OR ALT > 3 times the upper limit of normal) or renal disease (defined as GFR ≤ 80 mL/min)
14. Lacking capacity to provide informed consent (receipt of sedative, hypnotic agent making the patient non-decisional for consent)
15. Any other history or condition that would, in the site investigator's judgement, indicate that the patient would very likely be non-compliant with the study or unsuitable for the study (e.g., might interfere with the study, confound interpretation, or endanger patient)
16. Elevated baseline blood pressure defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 170 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 100 mmHg and or elevated heart rate of ≥115
17. Abnormal baseline ECG as defined as: QRS duration ≥ 120 ms; QTc > 460 ms; not in sinus rhythm; or 1st, 2nd, or 3rd degree heart block indicated
18. Substance or alcohol use disorder, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia
19. History of severe or unexplained oral, or oropharyngeal swelling or edema

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; Participants will be instructed to take a half dose (equivalent to 1 tablet, 2.8 mg) of placebo in the ED as part of enrollment procedures. The placebo is the same formulation as active except the Cyclobenzaprine HCl content is replaced by Mannitol to maintain the same tablet weight and dimensions. If the time between the first half dose and the planned bedtime of the participant is less than 6 hours, participants will be instructed to take 1 tablet (half dose) the first night at bedtime. If the time between the first half dose and planned bedtime of the participant is greater than or equal to 6 hours, then participants will be instructed to take a full dose (equivalent to 2 tablets) the first night. Over the following 13 days, all participants will be instructed to take a full dose of the study drug at bedtime. Each participant will receive 29 tablets and take either 28 or 29 tablets total for the duration of study participation.	Drug: Placebo; Placebo sublingual tablets taken sublingually (under the tongue) in the ED and each day at bedtime for a total of 2 weeks.; Other Names: Sugar pill
Experimental: Cyclobenzaprine HCl; Participants will be instructed to take a half dose (equivalent to 1 tablet, 2.8 mg) of Cyclobenzaprine HCl in the ED as part of enrollment procedures. If the time between the first half dose and the planned bedtime of the participant is less than 6 hours, participants will be instructed to take 1 tablet (half dose) the first night at bedtime. If the time between the first half dose and planned bedtime of the participant is greater than or equal to 6 hours, then participants will be instructed to take a full dose (equivalent to 2 tablets) the first night. Over the following 13 days, all participants will be instructed to take a full dose of the study drug at bedtime. Each participant will receive 29 tablets and take either 28 or 29 tablets total for the duration of study participation.	Drug: Cyclobenzaprine HCl; TNX-102 SL (cyclobenzaprine HCl sublingual tablets) taken sublingually (under the tongue) in the ED and each day at bedtime for a total of 2 weeks.; Other Names: TNX-102 SL

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in ASD Score	Individuals are asked to complete the 14-item Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS) self-report inventory where each item is rated on a 5-point scale (0= Not at all; 1= Mildly; 2= Medium; 3= Quite a bit; 4= Very Much) that indexes acute stress disorder (ASD). Range of possible total scores is 0-56, with higher total scores indicating greater acute stress symptoms.	Week 1, 3 after MVC

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Median reaction time of correct responses (general cognitive function)	General cognitive function will be assessed using the Test My Brain Digit Symbol Matching Test. Participants will be asked to match symbols and numbers using a symbol-number key shown on screen. General cognitive function is assessed via measuring median reaction time of correct responses (medianRTc) to 'test' trials. Range for medianRTc (ms) is 0-30000.	Min 30, Hour 1, 6, 12, Day 1, 2, 3, Week 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12 after MVC
Median reaction time of correct responses (procedural reaction time)	Procedural reaction time will be assessed using the Test My Brain Choice Reaction Time Test. Participants see a set of three arrows, where one arrow is a different color from the rest. The participant presses left or right to indicate the direction of the odd colored arrow. Reaction time is assessed via measuring median reaction time of correct responses (medianRTc) to 'test' trials. Range for medianRTc (ms) is 0-5000.	Min 30, Hour 1, 6, 12, Day 1, 2, 3, Week 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12 after MVC
Proportion of targets correctly identified (visuospatial processing and attention)	Visuospatial processing and attention will be assessed using the Test My Brain Multiple Object Tracking Test. In this test of visuospatial processing and attention, participants have to track a set of target circles around the screen (amidst a field of distractors) that move at increasing speed with each trial. Once the circles stop moving, participants select which were targets must identify targets instead of distractors. Visuospatial processing and attention are assessed via the proportion of targets correctly identified. Range for measure is 0-1.	Min 30, Hour 1, 6, 12, Day 1, 2, 3, Week 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12 after MVC
d-prime identification (psychomotor vigilance)	Psychomotor vigilance will be assessed via the Test My Brain Gradual Onset Continuous Performance Test. In this task, participants monitor a stream of city and mountain images that rapidly fade from one to the next with no interstimulus interval. Participants are asked to press/touch for each city image and to withhold for each mountain image. Vigilance is assessed via measuring d-prime for identification of each city image, a signal detection-based measure that takes into account both hits and false alarms to provide an unbiased estimate of performance where higher values reflect better performance. Response inhibition is defined as the suppression of actions that are inappropriate in a given context. Response inhibition is assessed using results from the above, by measuring the number of commission errors (failure to withhold responses) where most positive scores reflect more impulsive responding. Range for measure is -4.2279 - 4.2279.	Min 30, Hour 1, 6, 12, Day 1, 2, 3, Week 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12 after MVC
Change in Pain Symptom Score	The Regional Pain Scale (RPS) will be used to assess the extent of body pain. 13 items will be scored on a 0-10 pain scale where 0 is no pain and 10 is severe pain. Range of possible total scores is 0-130, with higher total scores indicative of greater pain symptoms	Baseline, Week 1, 3, 6, 12 after MVC
Change in Depressive Symptoms Score	The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Depression Short Form 8b; an 8-item scale, and one question from the PROMIS Depression Item Bank will be aggregated/combined to assess depression. Each item is scored on a 5-point scale where 0 is "none of the time" and 5 means "all or almost all of the time". Range of possible total scores is 0-45, with higher total scores indicative of greater depressive symptoms.	Baseline, Week 1, 3, 6, 12 after MVC
Change in Somatic Symptom Score	The Pennebaker Inventory of Limbic Languidness (PILL) assesses the frequency of common physical symptoms and sensations. We will use a version with adapted response options for greater consistency across measures, greater precision in response levels, and to allow administration via self-report. 20 items will be scored on a 0-10 scale where 0 is "no problem" and 10 means "major problem". Range of possible total scores is 0-200, with higher total scores indicative of greater somatic symptoms.	Baseline, Week 1, 3, 6, 12 after MVC
Change in PTSD Symptoms	The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) assesses PTSD symptoms as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th Edition (DSM-5). 20 items will be scored on a five-point scale ranging from 0 ("not at all") to 4 ("extremely"). Range of possible total scores is 0-80, with higher total scores indicative of greater PTSD symptoms.	Baseline, Week 1, 3, 6, 12 after MVC

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
• Collaborators: United States Department of Defense; Mclean Hospital; Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Cooper University Health Care
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Samuel McLean, MD, University of North Carollina at Chapel Hill; Principal Investigator: Christopher Jones, MD, Cooper University Health Care

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 25, 2025
• Primary Completion (Estimated): September 1, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): September 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 5, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 8, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): October 15, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 13, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 9, 2026
• Last Verified: May 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders; Mental Disorders; Stress Disorders, Traumatic; Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute; Carbohydrates; Sugars; cyclobenzaprine
• Other Study ID Numbers: 23-0711

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: Deidentified individual data that supports the results will be shared beginning 12 to 36 months following publication provided the investigator who proposes to use the data has approval from an Institutional Review Board (IRB), Independent Ethics Committee (IEC), or Research Ethics Board (REB), as applicable, and executes a data use/sharing agreement with UNC.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: Beginning 12 months following publication and continuing for 36 months.
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Investigator has approved IRB, IEC, or REB and an executed data use/sharing agreement with UNC.
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; ICF

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No