The Effects of Documentary and Psychiatric Interviewing Methods in Psychiatric Nursing Education

January 30, 2025 updated by: Sakarya University

The Effects of Documentary and Psychiatric Interviewing Methods on Empathy, Attitude and Implicit Association in Psychiatric Nursing Education: A Randomized Controlled Study

Negative attitudes towards mental illnesses are an important problem that negatively affects both the social lives of individuals and the effectiveness of health services. Addressing these prejudices, developing empathy and promoting a patient-centred care approach are key goals that can be achieved through clinical experiences and structured educational programmes for nursing students. This single-centre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial aims to examine the effects of documentaries and psychiatric interviews on nursing students' implicit associations, discriminatory attitudes and empathy skills towards mental illnesses. Within the scope of the study, nursing students working in a psychiatric ward will be divided into two groups: one group will work with documentaries including psychiatric interviews and patient narratives, while the other group will only conduct psychiatric interviews. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) and the Attitudes Towards Mental Patients Scale will be used to assess students' implicit associations and attitudes towards psychiatric patients, and the Jefferson Empathy Scale will assess their level of empathy. Data analysis will be performed using SPSS 25.0 software. Given the widespread stigmatisation of psychiatric patients, this study is expected to make a significant contribution to improving the quality of care provided by nursing students in psychiatric settings.

Study Overview

Status

Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Discrimination and stigmatization towards psychiatric patients remain significant challenges, negatively impacting both individuals' quality of life and their access to healthcare services. These attitudes are not limited to the general public but are also observed among healthcare professionals, including nursing students. Such biases can affect the quality of care provided to psychiatric patients, as nursing students often perceive these individuals as aggressive or dangerous, leading to fear and hesitation in interacting with them. However, studies have shown that clinical placements and mental health education programs can reduce these negative attitudes by fostering empathy and understanding, supporting the development of a patient-centered care approach.

Psychiatric interviews and patient-centered documentaries are effective educational tools to address stigmatization and enhance empathy. Psychiatric interviews provide nursing students with structured opportunities to understand patients' biopsychosocial history, mental health needs, and coping strategies, fostering therapeutic communication skills. Similarly, documentaries featuring personal narratives of psychiatric patients help challenge stereotypes, promote empathy, and deepen students' understanding of mental illnesses. Research shows that combining such methods with academic content, concept mapping, and short films can significantly reduce stigmatization, improve social attitudes, and encourage inclusive practices in healthcare.

This study investigates how psychiatric nursing students' prejudices, discriminatory attitudes, and empathy skills towards mental illnesses can be improved through the use of psychiatric interviews and documentaries. By integrating these innovative approaches into nursing education, the study aims to reduce stigmatization, enhance empathy, and equip future healthcare professionals with the skills necessary to provide inclusive, high-quality care to psychiatric patients. This initiative ultimately seeks to contribute to the long-term improvement of mental health services and patient outcomes.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

44

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Sakarya, Turkey, 54050
        • Sakarya University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

(1) being a third-year undergraduate student; (2) doing clinical practice in an adult inpatient psychiatric ward; (3) showing normal cognitive functions; (4) having the ability to make sense of visual materials

Exclusion Criteria:

(1) being in clinical practice in community mental health centers and addiction treatment centers; (2) being in clinical practice in special education institutions; (3) having 80% or more absenteeism from clinical practice in adult inpatient psychiatric ward; (4) having 75% or more absenteeism from mental health and psychiatric nursing course; (5) having a psychiatric diagnosis and receiving active treatment

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Control group (psychiatric interview)
Nursing students who interview psychiatric patients will be provided with an "Interaction Form" to systematically evaluate and record their interviews. The form is designed to help students analyze their communication processes and document their clinical practice. Before the clinical practice, training on the use of the form will be provided and the points that students should pay attention to in the interviews will be explained. This form consists of the following columns: date and duration of the interview, purpose of the interview, verbal/non-verbal statements of the nurse and patient, effective communication technique and evaluation. During the 6-week psychiatric service practice, students are expected to conduct three psychiatric interviews. After the interviews, students will document the process in detail and will be evaluated by the mentor nurses. Guiding nurses will give feedback to the students, indicating their strengths and areas to improve, and guidance will be provid
Other: Psychiatric interview
Nursing students who interview psychiatric patients will be provided with an "Interaction Form" to systematically evaluate and record their interviews. This form consists of the following columns: date of interview, duration of interview, duration of interview, verbal/non-verbal statements of the nurse and patient, effective communication technique and evaluation. The duration of the interview is expected to be between 30 and 45 minutes.
Experimental: Experimental group (psychiatric interview and documentary)
The experimental group was expected to conduct three psychiatric interviews and watch the documentary "Biz,Siz,Onlar" during the 6-week psychiatric service practice. Psychiatric interviews will be carried out with the "Interaction Form" consisting of interview date and duration, purpose of the interview, verbal/nonverbal expressions of the nurse and the patient, effective communication technique and evaluation columns. In addition, students will be shown the documentary "Biz,Siz,Onlar" prepared by the Federation of Schizophrenia Associations of Turkey, which deals with the life stories of schizophrenia patients. The guide nurse will inform the students about the content of the documentary and the viewing process, and students will be encouraged to take notes during the viewing. The documentary, which lasts 56 minutes, will be watched in a quiet environment and then an interactive discussion session will be organized on the themes in the documentary on the clinical practice day.
Other: Psychiatric interview and documentary
Nursing students who interview psychiatric patients will be provided with an "Interaction Form" to systematically evaluate and record their interviews. This form consists of the following columns: date of interview, duration of interview, duration of interview, verbal/non-verbal statements of the nurse and patient, effective communication technique and evaluation. The duration of the interview is expected to be between 30 and 45 minutes. Another component of the combination is the documentary "Us, You, Them" prepared by the Federation of Schizophrenia Associations of Turkey, which deals with the life stories of schizophrenia patients and lasts approximately 56 minutes.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The Implicit Association Test (IAT)
Time Frame: Within 24 hours after 3 psychiatric interviews and documentary for the experimental group and after 3 psychiatric interviews for the control group
The Implicit Association Test (IAT), part of Harvard University's Project Implicit, is designed to measure whether psychiatric patients are perceived as dangerous. This test aims to reveal associations that individuals have at an automatic and unconscious level that they do not consciously express. This test, which is especially used for stigmatization studies related to mental health, implicitly measures how dangerous or harmless the participants find psychiatric patients. It examines how quickly participants mentally associate psychiatric patients with positive or negative concepts such as danger or trust. The concepts that are matched faster reflect the implicit attitudes of the person, revealing their unconscious perceptions towards individuals with mental illness.
Within 24 hours after 3 psychiatric interviews and documentary for the experimental group and after 3 psychiatric interviews for the control group
The Attitudes Towards Mental Patients Scale
Time Frame: Within 24 hours after 3 psychiatric interviews and documentary for the experimental group and after 3 psychiatric interviews for the control group
The Attitude Towards Mental Patients Scale, developed by Sedat Işıklı in 1998, was prepared to measure a specific psychological construct. The scale consists of 22 items and includes two factors: 'short-term relationships' and 'long-term relationships'. The short-term relationship factors include items 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, and 22. These items reflect attitudes towards shorter-term social relationships in general and towards situations that do not threaten the respondent's personal space. The Long-Term Relationships Factor includes items 1, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, and 19 and assesses attitudes towards longer-term and closer relationships. The scale is scored on a 5-point Likert scale: 5=Strongly agree, 4=Agree, 3=No opinion, 2=Disagree, and 1=Strongly disagree. High scores indicate a positive attitude.
Within 24 hours after 3 psychiatric interviews and documentary for the experimental group and after 3 psychiatric interviews for the control group

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Jefferson Empathy Scale
Time Frame: Within 24 hours after 3 psychiatric interviews and documentary for the experimental group and after 3 psychiatric interviews for the control group
The original form of the scale was developed by Hojat et al. in 2001 to measure the empathy level of health professionals in patient care. The adaptation study of the scale into Turkish was conducted by Yanık and Saygılı in 2014. The scale, which consists of a total of 20 items and three sub-dimensions, is a 7-point Likert type. Participants rate the level of empathy between 1 (strongly disagree) and 7 (strongly agree).
Within 24 hours after 3 psychiatric interviews and documentary for the experimental group and after 3 psychiatric interviews for the control group

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sakarya University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

November 18, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

January 5, 2025

Study Completion (Estimated)

February 2, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 30, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 30, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

March 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 30, 2025

Last Verified

January 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 28-01-2025-SK

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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