Effects of TECAR Therapy in Lipedema Management

Clinical Effects of TECAR Therapy in the Conservative Management of Lipedema: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The physicians wanted to show the efficacy of a physical therapy device, Transfer Energy Capacitive and Resistive (TECAR) therapy, in women with lipedema which is an abnormal fat buildup on both sides of lower body. They focused on lower limb circumference, pain, functional capacity, and quality of life.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Lipedema
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: compression; Other: Exercise; Device: TECAR therapy

Detailed Description

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Transfer Energy Capacitive and Resistive (TECAR) therapy in women with Stage 2 lipedema, focusing on limb circumference, pain, functional status, and quality of life.

A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 female patients diagnosed with Stage 2 lipedema. Participants were randomized to a TECAR therapy group (n=15) or a control group (n=15). Both groups received compression garments and a structured exercise program; the TECAR group additionally underwent six TECAR sessions over three weeks. Outcomes included lower limb circumference, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), and Lymphedema Quality of Life Questionnaire-Leg (LYMQOL-Leg), assessed at baseline and at one and three months post-treatment.

TECAR therapy resulted in greater reductions in lower limb circumference compared to standard care, with sustained improvement in the supramalleolar region at three months (p<0.05). A significant short-term reduction in pain was observed at one month (p = 0.003) only in the TECAR group, but this effect was not maintained at three months (p > 0.05). Functional scores trended toward improvement without reaching significance (p=0.058). The overall quality of life score improved significantly in the TECAR group (p=0.002), although individual LYMQOL subdomains including function, appearance, mood, or symptoms did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05).

As an adjunct to standard care, TECAR therapy appears to reduce pain and limb volume and enhance overall quality of life in Stage 2 lipedema. Further long-term studies are needed to confirm these findings.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 30
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Ankara
    • Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
      • Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Female patients aged 18 to 60 years
• Clinical diagnosis of Stage 2 lipedema (types 1-3)
• Body mass index (BMI) which is less than 35

Exclusion Criteria:

• Deterioration in general condition,
• Presence of open wounds or sensory deficits in the area of application,
• Active infections,
• Malignancy,
• Autoimmune or systemic inflammatory diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus),
• Severe cognitive impairment,
• Uncontrolled chronic systemic disease,
• History of physiotherapy or regular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use within the last six months
• Concomitant lymphedema or venous insufficiency.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: The control group receiving exercise and compression; All participants were provided with individually fitted compression garments (either pantyhose-type or thigh-high models, in class I [18-21 mmHg] or class II [23-32mmHg] depending on symptom severity and tolerance), and were instructed to wear them during waking hours for a minimum of 8 hours per day. Adherence to garment usage was monitored through patient diaries and reinforced at follow-up visits. Additionally, all patients were advised to engage in a structured walking program, consisting of moderate-intensity walking (perceived exertion level 11-13 on the Borg scale), for at least 20 minutes per session, three times per week.	Other: compression; All participants were provided with individually fitted compression garments (either pantyhose-type or thigh-high models, in class I [18-21 mmHg] or class II [23-32mmHg] depending on symptom severity and tolerance), and were instructed to wear them during waking hours for a minimum of 8 hours per day. Adherence to garment usage was monitored through patient diaries and reinforced at follow-up visits.; Other: Exercise; All patients were advised to engage in a structured walking program, consisting of moderate-intensity walking (perceived exertion level 11-13 on the Borg scale), for at least 20 minutes per session, three times per week.
Experimental: The treatment group receiving exercise and compression plus TECAR Therapy; TECAR therapy was applied to the lower limbs of patients diagnosed with lipedema using the BTL-6000 TR-Therapy PRO device (BTL, Turkiye). All treatment sessions were performed by a physiotherapist with specific experience in TECAR therapy. The device operated at a frequency of approximately 500 kHz and employed three types of electrodes: active, neutral, and static application electrodes. Two types of active electrodes -capacitive and resistive- were utilized and applied directly to the treatment area. The neutral electrode, serving as a reference point, was placed in proximity to the target region to ensure effective energy transfer.	Other: compression; All participants were provided with individually fitted compression garments (either pantyhose-type or thigh-high models, in class I [18-21 mmHg] or class II [23-32mmHg] depending on symptom severity and tolerance), and were instructed to wear them during waking hours for a minimum of 8 hours per day. Adherence to garment usage was monitored through patient diaries and reinforced at follow-up visits.; Other: Exercise; All patients were advised to engage in a structured walking program, consisting of moderate-intensity walking (perceived exertion level 11-13 on the Borg scale), for at least 20 minutes per session, three times per week.; Device: TECAR therapy; TECAR therapy was applied to the lower limbs of patients diagnosed with lipedema using the BTL-6000 TR-Therapy PRO device (BTL, Turkiye). All treatment sessions were performed by a physiotherapist with specific experience in TECAR therapy. The device operated at a frequency of approximately 500 kHz and employed three types of electrodes: active, neutral, and static application electrodes. Two types of active electrodes -capacitive and resistive- were utilized and applied directly to the treatment area. The neutral electrode, serving as a reference point, was placed in proximity to the target region to ensure effective energy transfer.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Circumference measurements	Circumference measurements were performed using a standard non-elastic tape measure at three anatomically defined landmarks: the mid-thigh, identified as the midpoint between the iliac crest and the lower border of the patella, the pretibial region, defined as the midpoint between the anterior tibial tuberosity and the medial malleolus and supramalleolar region. These regions were selected for their clinical relevance in lipedema and their high reproducibility in anthropometric assessments. To enhance measurement reliability, each site was measured three times consecutively, and the mean value was used for analysis. All measurements were conducted with the patient in a relaxed standing position by the same examiner to minimize inter-observer variability.	Clinical assessments were conducted at baseline, as well as at 1 and 3 months following the treatment.
visual analogue scale (VAS)	Pain intensity was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a 10-cm horizontal line representing a continuum of pain experience, where 0 indicates "no pain" and 10 denotes the "worst imaginable pain". Participants were asked to mark the point that best reflected their pain perception at each evaluation time point.	Clinical assessments were conducted at baseline, as well as at 1 and 3 months following the treatment.
The Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS)	Functional status was evaluated using the LEFS, a widely validated, patient-reported outcome measure specifically designed to assess lower extremity functional impairment. The LEFS consists of 20 items, each addressing a different daily or recreational activity involving the legs, such as walking, climbing stairs, squatting, or running. Participants rated the level of difficulty they experienced performing each activity on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 (extreme difficulty or unable to perform) to 4 (no difficulty).The total score ranges from 0 to 80, with higher scores reflecting greater functional capacity and less disability	Clinical assessments were conducted at baseline, as well as at 1 and 3 months following the treatment.
The Lymphedema Quality of Life Questionnaire for the Leg (LYMQOL-Leg)	Quality of life was assessed using LYMQOL-Leg, a disease-specific instrument originally designed to evaluate health-related quality of life in patients with lower limb lymphedema. The questionnaire includes 24 items grouped into four distinct domains: function (activities of daily living and physical capacity), appearance (self-perception of leg aesthetics), mood (emotional and psychological well-being), and symptoms (such as heaviness, swelling, and pain). Each item is scored on a Likert scale from 1 to 4, with lower scores indicating greater impairment. In addition to domain scores, the LYMQOL includes a global quality of life score (rated on a scale from 0 to 10), where higher values reflect better overall quality of life [23, 24]. Although originally developed for lymphedema, LYMQOL has been effectively applied in lipedema studies due to symptom overlap.	Clinical assessments were conducted at baseline, as well as at 1 and 3 months following the treatment.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Ankara City Hospital Bilkent

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Atan T, Bahar-Ozdemir Y. The Effects of Complete Decongestive Therapy or Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Therapy or Exercise Only in the Treatment of Severe Lipedema: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Lymphat Res Biol. 2021 Feb;19(1):86-95. doi: 10.1089/lrb.2020.0019. Epub 2020 Dec 9.
• Kruppa P, Gohlke S, Lapinski K, Garcia-Carrizo F, Soultoukis GA, Infanger M, Schulz TJ, Ghods M. Lipedema stage affects adipocyte hypertrophy, subcutaneous adipose tissue inflammation and interstitial fibrosis. Front Immunol. 2023 Jul 28;14:1223264. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223264. eCollection 2023.
• Kruppa P, Georgiou I, Biermann N, Prantl L, Klein-Weigel P, Ghods M. Lipedema-Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2020 Jun 1;117(22-23):396-403. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0396.
• Faerber G, Cornely M, Daubert C, Erbacher G, Fink J, Hirsch T, Mendoza E, Miller A, Rabe E, Rapprich S, Reich-Schupke S, Stucker M, Brenner E. S2k guideline lipedema. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2024 Sep;22(9):1303-1315. doi: 10.1111/ddg.15513. Epub 2024 Aug 27.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 1, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 15, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): May 20, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 19, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 19, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): July 28, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 30, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 27, 2025
• Last Verified: July 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Quality of Life; Pain Management; Lipedema; TECAR Therapy
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Connective Tissue Diseases; Lipedema
• Other Study ID Numbers: TABED 1-24-324

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: all collected IPD can be shared upon request
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: Beginning 3 months and ending 3 years after the publication of results
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: The doctors specialized in physical medicine and rehabilitation may reach principal investigator through email
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; SAP; ICF

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No