The Effect of Mobilization Training Given to Patients Undergoing Lumbar Stabilization Surgery on Postoperative Pain, Anxiety, Kinesiophobia, Fear of Falling, and Mobility

In this study, the researcher will examine the effects of preoperative mobilization training (video viewing with VR glasses and brochure methods) given to patients undergoing surgery in the lumbar region on pain, anxiety, fear of movement, fear of falling, and mobility levels in the postoperative period, using specific scales.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Lumbar Surgery; Lumbar Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: The group that will receive mobilization training using virtual reality glasses and brochures

Detailed Description

Conditions requiring surgical intervention in the lumbar region include various pathological conditions such as lumbar disc herniation, spinal cord tumors, traumatic spinal injuries, and spinal stenosis. Surgical interventions such as stabilization, fusion, laminectomy, and discectomy are commonly performed for these conditions. The study is a randomized controlled comparative study. The study sample will consist of patients admitted to the Neurosurgery-I and Neurosurgery-II clinics of Eskişehir City Hospital before surgery and transferred back to the clinic after surgery. The study sample is planned to include 60 patients in the intervention group and 60 in the control group. Pre-test data will be collected in the preoperative period from patients in the intervention and control groups who agreed to participate in the study in accordance with the informed consent form and gave their consent using the Informed Consent Form, the Patient Information Form, the State-Trait Anxiety Scale, the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale, the Likert-Type Fear of Falling Scale, the Visual Analog Scale, the Patient Mobility Scale, and the Observer Mobility Scale. Afterwards, patients in the intervention group will be trained on mobilization by watching a video using VR headsets and using a brochure. Patients in the control group will not receive any video or brochure training other than during the routine mobilization process in the ward. The brochure given to the intervention group will include mobilization and information included in the video viewing using VR headsets and will be given to patients so they can open and read it at any time. During the first mobilization of patients in the intervention and control groups, a "Patient Information Form" will be filled out before mobilization. Data will be collected again using the "State-Trait Anxiety Scale," "Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale," "Likert-Type Fear of Falling Scale," and "Visual Analog Scale." Patients in the intervention group will then be mobilized appropriately using a video and brochure training program shown through virtual reality glasses regarding the mobilization steps. Patients in the control group will be mobilized using the mobilization steps routinely performed in the ward. After the initial mobilization of patients in both groups, data will be collected and recorded again using the "Visual Analog Scale," "Patient Mobility Scale," and "Observer Mobility Scale." As a posttest, before the final mobilization of patients in the intervention and control groups before discharge, they will complete the "Patient Information Form," "State-Trait Anxiety Scale," and "Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale." Post-test data will be collected using the "Likert-Type Fear of Falling Scale," "Visual Analog Scale," and "Visual Analog Scale." Post-test data will be collected and recorded 5-10 minutes after mobilization is achieved using the "Visual Analog Scale," "Patient Mobility Scale," and "Observer Mobility Scale." Data will be collected face-to-face by the researchers. Ethics committee approval, Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency (TİTCK), and institutional permissions have been obtained for the study. Patients will also provide informed consent in accordance with the Informed Consent Form. Statistical analyses will be performed using computer software using numbers, percentages, means, standard deviations, t-tests, and chi-square tests.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 60
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Oğuz ÖZDEMİR, Graduate Student; Phone Number: +90 545 735 5148; Email: oguz85983@gmail.com

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Odunpazarı
    • Eskişehir, Odunpazarı, Turkey (Türkiye), 26080
      • Eskişehir Şehir Hastanesi
      • Contact: Oğuz Özdemir, Hemşire; Phone Number: +90 545 735 5148; Email: oguz85983@gmail.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

İnclusion Criteria

• The patient must be over 18 years of age
• Participate in the study voluntarily,
• Be undergoing lumbar surgery for the first time
• Be undergoing lumbar stabilization surgery
• Be oriented to person, place, and time
• Not have taken any oral or parenteral analgesic medication other than the routine treatment ordered before mobilization
• Have no restrictions (physical disability, etc.) that would prevent mobilization,
• Be able to understand and speak Turkish
• Have no vision or hearing problems,
• Have no psychiatric illness, ağrı var
• Be in ASA 1 or 2,
• Patients planned to be included in the intervention and control groups must not be in the same rooms.

Exclusion Criteria

• Having a neurological (such as dementia/Alzheimer's) or psychiatric (such as schizophrenia) medical diagnosis that affects cognitive status.
• Having a chronic pain disorder.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: intervention group; A group of 30 patients who will receive training on mobilization by watching videos and brochures using virtual reality glasses during the preoperative period (Intervention group).	Other: The group that will receive mobilization training using virtual reality glasses and brochures; A group of 30 patients who will receive training on mobilization by watching videos and brochures using virtual reality glasses during the preoperative period (Intervention group).; Other Names: the group to be given mobilization training
No Intervention: control group; A group of 30 patients who did not receive any video or brochure training other than the routine mobilization process during the preoperative period, and whose differences were examined and compared with those in the intervention group (control group).N

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS)	The TSK is a 17-question scale developed to determine the level of injury/re-injury and fear-avoidance processes associated with activities. The scale is scored using a four-point Likert scale: "1 = Strongly Disagree," "2 = Disagree," "3 = Agree," and "4 = Strongly Agree." The minimum score on the scale is 17, while the maximum score is 68.	eight months
Patient Mobility Scale-HHO	The Patient Mobility Scale consists of eight items and four subscales: turning from side to side in bed, sitting at the edge of the bed, standing at the edge of the bed, and walking in the patient's room. The level of pain and difficulty experienced is assessed using a 15-cm visual analog with verbal statements listed below the scale. The numerical value of the degree of pain and difficulty is determined by measuring the distance between the patient's mark on the scale and "0" using a calibrated ruler (no pain, some pain, moderate pain, a lot of pain, the worst pain I can imagine/very easy, easy, a little difficult, difficult, very difficult). The lowest and highest scores for each item range from 0 to 15, and the total scale score ranges from 0 to 120.	eight months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Observer Mobility Scale-GHÖ	The Observer Mobility Scale provides global observations of four subscales: turning from side to side in bed, sitting at the edge of the bed, standing up at the edge of the bed, and walking in the patient's room. Each subscale is scored from 1 to 5, with a score of 1 indicating that the patient independently performs the movement without verbal prompting or physical assistance, and a score of 5 indicating that the patient is unable to perform the movement despite verbal prompting or physical assistance. The lowest possible score on the scale is 4, and the highest is 20.	eight months
Visual Anolog Skala-VAS	This scale is a 10-cm ruler, with a minimum value of 0 on one end and a maximum value of 10 on the other. The patient is explained that there are two extremes, and that they are free to mark any point between them that matches the intensity of their pain. The distance between the onset of "no pain" and the point marked by the patient is measured in centimeters and recorded.	eight months
State and Trait Anxiety Scale	State Anxiety Scale (items 1-20): Determines an individual's current anxiety level.; Contains 10 direct and 10 reversed statements.; Direct and reversed statements are scored differently.; Calculation: (Total direct statements - Total reverse statements) + 50. Trait Anxiety Scale (items 21-40): Measures an individual's general tendency to anxiety.; Contains 13 direct and 7 reversed statements.; Calculation: (Total direct statements - Total reverse statements) + 35.; Score Range: Both scales yield scores between 20-80.; 0-19: No anxiety; 20-39: Mild anxiety 40-59: Moderate anxiety 60-79: Severe anxiety (60 and above requires professional help).	eight months
Likert-Type Fear of Falling Scale	The Likert-type scale includes the question, "Are you afraid of falling?" and the answers, "I am very afraid, I am moderately afraid, I am slightly afraid, and I am not afraid at all." The scale consists of a minimum of one (1) and a maximum of four (4) points (12). The scale will be used in this study to determine the level of fear of falling in patients.	eight months
Patient Information Form	It was developed by the researcher based on literature. It includes questions regarding the patients' age, gender, height, weight, marital status, and educational background. It also includes questions regarding clinical characteristics such as the presence of chronic disease, history of preoperative activity limitation, and history of previous spinal surgery.	eight months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Suleyman Demirel University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Oğuz ÖZDEMİR, Suleyman Demirel University

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• Ko, SY, Leung, DY, & Wong, EM (2019). Effects of easy-listening music intervention on satisfaction, anxiety, and pain in patients undergoing colonoscopy: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clinical interventions in aging, 14 , 977-986.
• Öztaş B, Kara B, Zengin H, Güçlü A, On B. The Effect of Simulation Laboratory Education on Intravenous Catheterization Skills of Nursing Students. HUHEMFAD. 2022;9(1):17-23.
• Vlaeyen JW, Kole-Snijders AM, Boeren RG, Van Eek H. Fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance. Pain. 1995; 62(3): 363-372.
• Biçer B. The effect of fear of falling on mobilization-induced fear of movement and fall risk in patients undergoing surgery. Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Unpublished Master's Thesis, İzmir, (Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem Bilik), 2019;
• Çilingir D, Uzun Şahin C. I woke up early and went ahead: Evidence-based practices in postoperative planned mobilization. Gürsoy A, editor. Evidence-Based Practices in Perioperative Nursing. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Clinics; 2020. p.35-9
• Geçit S, Özbayır T. Protocol and nursing for accelerating recovery after spinal cord surgery. Özbayır T, editor. Protocol and nursing for accelerating recovery after surgery. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Clinics; 2021. p.83-9.
• Mahmudova R, Dönmez YC. Investigation of factors affecting the ability of patients to stand up after surgery. Turkish Clinics Journal of Nursing Sciences 2019; 11(1).

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): November 1, 2025
• Primary Completion (Estimated): November 1, 2025
• Study Completion (Estimated): July 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 1, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 14, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): November 17, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 17, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 14, 2025
• Last Verified: November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Lumbar region; kinesiophobia; mobilization; perioperative period; nursing care and education
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Pathologic Processes; Phobic Disorders; Anxiety Disorders; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Kinesiophobia; Disease
• Other Study ID Numbers: SDU-Hemsire-OÖ-001

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: We do not want to share the IPD without any justification.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No