Clinical Performance of a Point-of-Care Creatinine Testing System in Individuals With Kidney Disease

The goal of this clinical performance study is to evaluate the accuracy and usability of the Eaglenos Creatinine Test System（referred to as EG）, a point-of-care testing (POCT) system that consists of a handheld device and its associated creatinine test strips, intended for home use by laypersons with non-dialysis-dependent kidney disease.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

1. How consistent are creatinine measurements from the investigational creatinine test system compared with the clinical standard method?
2. How usable is the Creatinine Monitoring System for laypersons in a home setting?

Researchers will compare creatinine results obtained with the investigational creatinine test system (fingerstick capillary whole blood) to those from a Cobas biochemical analysis system（referred to as Cobas) (venous plasma) to determine whether the investigational device provides accurate and reliable measurements.

Participants will:

1. Provide a venous blood sample for comparative testing.
2. Perform self-testing using the Creatinine Monitoring System without prior training.
3. Complete a usability questionnaire about their experience with the investigational creatinine test system.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Chronic Kidney Diseases; Kidney Injury, Acute
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: Reference Creatinine Test System（Cobas c 111）; Diagnostic test: Investigational Creatinine Test System （EG）

Detailed Description

This clinical performance study is designed to evaluate the accuracy and usability of the Creatinine Monitoring System under controlled conditions. Prior to study initiation, the investigational device, comparator device, and associated instruments will be verified to ensure calibration and proper function. All study personnel will undergo training on the protocol, informed consent procedures, and case report form (CRF) completion, and a kick-off meeting will be held to clarify roles and responsibilities.

Participants will be enrolled strictly according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each subject will be assigned blinded identification numbers, including subject numbers, tester numbers, and venous blood sample numbers, to minimize bias. Venous blood will be collected for hematocrit testing and comparator analysis. Following blood collection, layperson participants will receive the complete investigational device package, including the instructions for use (IFU) and relevant labeling, and will perform self-testing without any prior training or assistance. Self-testing will take place in a separate room to avoid influence from previous participants. Disinfection of the handheld electrochemical meter will be performed using CLOROX HEALTHCARE Bleach Germicidal Wipes as specified in the user manual.

After completing self-testing, layperson participants will assess the usability of the device by filling out a structured questionnaire, focusing on IFU readability and ease of use. In parallel, trained observers will complete an observer questionnaire to document any operational errors or deviations during the testing process.

Once all testing is complete, results will be unblinded. Study data will be collected and verified by the clinical research associate (CRA) for completeness and accuracy of the CRFs. Statistical analyses will then be performed by qualified statisticians on the finalized dataset, and findings will be summarized in a clinical performance study report.

Importantly, this study is observational in nature. The investigational and reference creatinine measurements are performed for research purposes only. Clinical diagnosis, treatment, and patient management are not affected by the investigational device results, and all medical care is provided according to routine clinical practice.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Estimated): 200

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Include at least 80% patients with varying stages of non-dialysis dependent kidney disease, as well as a small group (e.g.<20 %) of healthy volunteers and dialysis-dependent kidney disease patients, to cover the reference interval of the creatinine concentration. All subjects should be naive to this creatinine monitoring system and the similar self-monitoring devices (including but not limited to glucose, ketone, total cholesterol, etc.).

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Abnormal creatinine levels or suspected kidney disease;
• Aged 18 and above, gender is not limited;
• Voluntarily participate in this clinical study by signing the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

• The HCT range is not within 25-65%;
• Severe mental illness or other conditions that make the patient unable to cooperate;
• Inability to read or write in English language;
• Incomplete subject information (including but not limited to gender, age, education level, clinical diagnosis information; etc.);
• Previous experience with this creatinine monitoring system or similar self-monitoring devices (including but not limited to those for glucose, ketones, total cholesterol, etc.);
• Other conditions that, in the opinion of the investigator, make participation in this clinical trial inappropriate.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Group 1: Cobas Group; Blood creatinine measurements are performed using the Cobas biochemical analyzer with venous plasma. The results will be compared with those obtained from the investigational Eaglenos Creatinine Test System using fingerstick capillary whole blood.	Diagnostic test: Reference Creatinine Test System（Cobas c 111）; This group involves the use of the Cobas biochemical analyzer for measurement of venous plasma creatinine samples. The results obtained from Cobas will be compared with those obtained from the investigational Eaglenos Creatinine Test System to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the investigational device. Study participant management and clinical care will not be influenced by the results of these study measurements.
Group 2: EG Group; Blood creatinine measurements are performed using the Eaglenos Creatinine Test System with fingerstick capillary whole blood. The results will be compared with those obtained from the Cobas biochemical analyzer using venous plasma.	Diagnostic test: Investigational Creatinine Test System （EG）; This group involves the use of the Eaglenos Creatinine Test System, a handheld device designed for self-testing of fingerstick capillary whole blood by laypersons with non-dialysis-dependent kidney disease. The results obtained from EG will be compared with those obtained from the Cobas biochemical analyzer to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the investigational device. Study participant management and clinical care will not be influenced by the results of these study measurements.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Creatinine Concentrations Measured by the Eaglenos Creatinine Test System Compared With the Cobas c 111	Creatinine concentrations (mg/dL) will be measured in fingerstick capillary whole blood using the Eaglenos Creatinine Test System and in venous plasma using the Cobas c 111 analyzer. Agreement between the two systems will be assessed using Bland-Altman analysis.	Day 0 (at the time of blood sample collection).
Correlation of Creatinine Concentrations Between the Eaglenos Creatinine Test System and the Cobas c 111	Creatinine concentrations (mg/dL) measured by the Eaglenos Creatinine Test System (capillary whole blood) and the Cobas c 111 analyzer (venous plasma) will be assessed for linear correlation using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r).	Day 0 (at the time of blood sample collection).
Predicted Differences in Creatinine Concentrations at Predefined Medical Decision Levels Between the Eaglenos Creatinine Test System and the Cobas c 111	Creatinine concentrations (mg/dL) measured by the Eaglenos Creatinine Test System (capillary whole blood) and the Cobas c 111 analyzer (venous plasma) will be used to calculate predicted differences (predicted bias) at predefined medical decision levels using Passing-Bablok regression based on all paired measurements. These levels correspond to clinically relevant cut-off values for patient management.	Day 0 (at the time of blood sample collection).
Number of Outlier Measurements in Creatinine Concentration Between the Eaglenos Creatinine Test System and Cobas c 111	Outliers in paired creatinine measurements (mg/dL) from the Eaglenos Creatinine Test System (capillary whole blood) and the Cobas c 111 analyzer (venous plasma) will be identified using the Extreme Studentized Deviate (ESD) method. The frequency of outlier values will be reported.	Day 0 (at the time of blood sample collection).
System Usability Score of the Eaglenos Creatinine Test System by Laypersons	The overall usability of the Eaglenos Creatinine Test System will be evaluated using the System Usability Scale (SUS), a standardized questionnaire. SUS scores range from 10 (lowest usability) to 50 (highest usability), with higher scores indicating better usability. The distribution of participants across score segments will be reported.	Day 0 (at the time of blood sample collection).

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Tingting Xu

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): November 30, 2025
• Primary Completion (Estimated): December 30, 2025
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 30, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 18, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 18, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): November 26, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 26, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 18, 2025
• Last Verified: November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: POCT; Creatinine; Chronic kidney diseases; Eaglenos; Kidney Injury, acute
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Urogenital Diseases; Pathologic Processes; Male Urogenital Diseases; Kidney Diseases; Urologic Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Chronic Disease; Disease Attributes; Renal Insufficiency; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Acute Kidney Injury; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
• Other Study ID Numbers: BM15861

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: All collected lPD
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: Starting 6 months after publication
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Data will be made available to qualified researchers upon submission of a research proposal and executionof a data use agreement. Data access will be granted after the final study results are published and after anethical review by the institution's ethics board. Data sharing will be coordinated via email. Qualifiedresearchers can contact xu_tingting@eaglenos.com to request access to the data.
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; SAP; ICF; ANALYTIC_CODE; CSR

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: Yes
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No