A Two-decade Mortality Risk Analysis of Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Neoplasms: an Updated SEER-based Study 2000-2022

Carcinoid tumors are rare neuroendocrine tumors with slowly progressive course with the sites are small intestine accounting for 45%, rectum (20%), appendix (17%), colon (11%), and stomach (7%). This study focus on the mortality risk analysis for GI carcinoids due to data insufficiency in the literature.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Carcinoid Tumor

Detailed Description

Carcinoid tumors are rare neuroendocrine tumors with slowly progressive course with the sites are small intestine accounting for 45%, rectum (20%), appendix (17%), colon (11%), and stomach (7%). This study focus on the mortality risk analysis for GI carcinoids due to data insufficiency in the literature. This is a retrospective cohort study based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database using SEER*Stat software covering approximately 28% of the U.S. The inclusion criteria involved all patients with primary malignant GI carcinoid tumor diagnosed between 2000 and 2021 with sequence number 0 or 1. Sequence 0 indicated the patient had only one cancer record while sequence 1 indicated the patient may had developed many cancer records following the first one. In addition, the tumors were restricted to malignant behavior codes (ICD-O-3 Code 3). We used SEER*Stat software (version 9.0.42.0) to conduct data extraction and statistical analysis. We used the MP-SIR session to calculate the SMR as Observed/Expected (O/E) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and the excess risk (ER) was per 10,000. Statistical significance was achieved at 0.05. With further analysis, we compared cancer as a cause of death (COD) to other non-cancer COD across different time intervals and primary sites among GI carcinoid tumour.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 93481

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The inclusion criteria involved all patients with primary malignant GI carcinoid tumor diagnosed between 2000 and 2022 with sequence number 0 or 1. Sequence 0 indicated the patient had only one cancer record while sequence 1 indicated the patient may had developed many cancer records following the first one. In addition, the tumors were restricted to malignant behavior codes (ICD-O-3 Code 3).

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor
• from 2000-2022
• histologically confirmed

Exclusion Criteria:

• death certificate only and autopsy only patients
• patients with unknown age data.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The standardized mortality ratio of GI carcinoid tumors	SEER*Stat software (version 9.0.42.0) was used to conduct data extraction and statistical analysis. The MP-SIR session was used to calculate the SMR as Observed/Expected (O/E) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and the excess risk was per 10,000. Statistical significance was achieved at 0.05. With further analysis, we compared cancer as a cause of death to other non-cancer causes of death across different time intervals and primary sites among GI carcinoid tumour.	2000-2022

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Suez Canal University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): December 1, 2000
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 30, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): December 30, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 19, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 19, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): January 5, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 5, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 19, 2025
• Last Verified: December 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma; Neuroectodermal Tumors; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Carcinoid Tumor
• Other Study ID Numbers: A277

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No