Effect of Resistance Exercises and Relaxation Therapy on Physical Function and Quality Of Life in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

January 19, 2026 updated by: Tahir Mahmood, Rashid Latif Medical College

The significance of this study to compare the effect of resistance exercises and relaxation therapy to find out which technique is more effective for improving physical function and quality of life in chronic kidney disease patient.

The study was aimed to determine the effect of resistance exercises and relaxation therapy on physical function and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease.

We hypothesized if there was significant effect of resistance exercises and relaxation therapy on physical function and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Group A: Relaxation therapy and Resistance exercises. Group B: Resistance exercises.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a pathophysiological process, where the kidneys experience a slow, progressive and irreversible decline in function where the body's ability fail in maintaining metabolism and fluid and electrolyte balance causes the occurrence of uremia.

Individuals of all ages and both sexes benefit from moderate-intensity physical activity, with diminished risk of cardiovascular diseases, maintenance of muscle strength, fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety and improved quality of life. Resistance exercises, alone and in combination with other exercises have shown beneficial outcomes in improving physical fitness, walking capacity, cardiovascular outcomes, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, relaxation techniques are considered successful in improving the condition of patients. Deep breathing relaxation techniques can reduce oxidative stress, increase cellular energy, increase elasticity of blood vessels and improve circulation, so that the final result can reduce and even overcome fatigue. The technique is easy to do, easy to learn, does not harm and a less costs is the advantage of deep breathing relaxation techniques. Resistance training has been successfully recommended as a method of gaining lean mass, strength and physical functioning in frail elderly persons and those with chronic diseases, including patients with cardiovascular and kidney diseases

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

50

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Pakistan
    • Punjab Province
      • Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan, 54000
        • Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age (30-65years).
  • Both Male and female.
  • Patient able to stand and walk independently.
  • Patient with mild to moderate stage of chronic kidney disease.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Physical disability.
  • Acute Myocardial infarction.
  • Kidney transplant.
  • Pregnant women.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Resistance exercises
Resistance exercise (knee and hip flexion and extension ,and elbow extension)
Other: Resistance exercises:
The researcher taught patients this exercise and encouraged them to do it daily each once about 20 to 30 minutes. The exercise started with moderate intensity of no more than 10 minutes then time of practice increased gradually to 30 minutes. Resistance exercise included the following: Knee and hip flexion and extension, elbow extension. The repetition was be 15-20 times
Experimental: Relaxation exercise
Diaphragmatic Breathing + Pursed Lip Breathing
Other: Resistance exercises:
The researcher taught patients this exercise and encouraged them to do it daily each once about 20 to 30 minutes. The exercise started with moderate intensity of no more than 10 minutes then time of practice increased gradually to 30 minutes. Resistance exercise included the following: Knee and hip flexion and extension, elbow extension. The repetition was be 15-20 times
Other: Relaxation exercise
Relaxation exercise (diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing) Diaphragmatic breathing is intended to help patient use the diaphragm correctly while breathing to strengthen the diaphragm and decrease the work of breathing. Patient was instructed to sit comfortably with the knees bent and the shoulders, head and neck relaxed. Breathe in slowly through the nose so that the stomach moves out against the hand. Then exhaled through pursed lib technique so that stomach moves in again. Patients was instructed to place one hand on the upper chest and the other just below the rib cage. This was allowing patient to feel the diaphragm move as he or she breathe. Patients was instructed to practice this exercise 5-10 minutes about 3-4 times per day.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
SF 36 (Quality of Life)
Time Frame: Pre-test (Baseline) and Post-test (08 Weeks)
To assess patients Quality of life SF-36 was used. It provides information on 8 scales, scoring from0(worst health) to100(best health), and on the physical component scale (PCS) and the mental component scale (MCS), normalized scores representing overall physical and mental functioning
Pre-test (Baseline) and Post-test (08 Weeks)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Sit-to-Stand test
Time Frame: Pre-test (Baseline) and Post-test (08 Weeks)
The STS 10 consisted of measuring the seconds employed by the patient to stand up from the sitting position, and to sit down for 10 consecutive times as quickly as possible. STS-10 is proved to be a feasible measure to detect changes resulting from an exercise intervention [ After 5 minutes for recuperation, the patient performed the STS 60 consisting of standing-up from a chair and sitting-down again as many times as possible during a 60 second time period.
Pre-test (Baseline) and Post-test (08 Weeks)
6-minute walk test
Time Frame: Pre-test (Baseline) and Post-test (08 Weeks)
It was used as an indicator of patients' exercise capacity. The total distance covered by subjects during 6 minutes on a walk of 20 meters in length along an internal corridor of the HD unit was recorded
Pre-test (Baseline) and Post-test (08 Weeks)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Rashid Latif Medical College

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

  • Segura-Ortí E, Kouidi E, Lisón J. Effect of resistance exercise during hemodialysis on physical function and quality of life: randomized controlled trial. Clinical nephrology. 2009;71(5):527.
  • Barcellos FC, Santos IS, Mielke GI, Del Vecchio FB, Hallal PC. Effects of exercise on kidney function among non-diabetic patients with hypertension and renal disease: randomized controlled trial. BMC nephrology. 2012;13:1-7.
  • Abd Elbaky M, Zaki S, Amin N, Ali R. Impact of Intradialytic Rehabilitation Program on General Health of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. American Journal of Nursing. 2018;6(5):263-72

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

August 12, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

March 15, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

March 15, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 19, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 19, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

January 27, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 27, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 19, 2026

Last Verified

August 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • IRB/2024/159

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

The data will be shared on reasonable request

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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