Agreement Between ChatGPT-5 and Anesthesiologists in Predicting Postoperative ICU Requirement

February 7, 2026 updated by: Beste Mutlu Dağlıoğlu

Evaluation of the Agreement Between ChatGPT-5 and Anesthesiologists' Predictions and Actual Outcomes in Predicting Postoperative Intensive Care Unit Requirement Based on Preoperative Data

Accurate prediction of postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) requirement is essential for patient safety and efficient use of limited ICU resources. In routine clinical practice, decisions regarding postoperative ICU admission are primarily based on anesthesiologists' preoperative clinical judgment, which may vary among clinicians.

This prospective, observational study aims to evaluate the agreement between predictions made by ChatGPT-5(Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer) and anesthesiologists regarding postoperative ICU requirement using routinely collected preoperative patient data, and to compare these predictions with actual postoperative ICU admission outcomes.

The study does not involve any intervention, treatment modification, or additional procedures beyond standard clinical care. All patient data are anonymized, and clinical management is not influenced by the model's predictions

Study Overview

Status

Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission is a critical component of perioperative patient management, particularly in patients with increased surgical or anesthetic risk. Accurate preoperative identification of patients who will require postoperative ICU care may improve patient safety and optimize resource allocation.

This study is designed as a prospective, non-interventional observational cohort study conducted in adult patients undergoing elective surgical procedures. Routinely collected preoperative clinical data, including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory results, and anesthesiologists' assessments, are recorded for each participant.

For each patient, postoperative ICU requirement predictions generated by ChatGPT-5 using structured preoperative data are documented. These predictions are compared with anesthesiologists' preoperative ICU admission assessments and with actual postoperative ICU admission outcomes.

No additional diagnostic or therapeutic interventions are performed as part of the study. Patient care follows standard institutional practice at all times. All collected data are anonymized prior to analysis. Statistical analyses focus on agreement and predictive performance measures, including sensitivity, specificity, and concordance between prediction methods and actual outcomes.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

938

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population consists of adult patients aged 18 years and older who underwent elective surgical procedures and received preoperative anesthesiology evaluation at a tertiary care hospital. The study includes patients for whom postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) requirement was assessed based on preoperative clinical data. Patient outcomes were evaluated according to actual postoperative ICU admission status.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adult patients aged 18 years or older.
  • Patients undergoing elective surgical procedures requiring preoperative anesthesiology evaluation.
  • Availability of complete preoperative clinical data required for postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) need prediction.
  • Patients evaluated preoperatively by an anesthesiology specialist.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients younger than 18 years of age.
  • Emergency surgical procedures.
  • Patients with incomplete or missing preoperative clinical data.
  • Patients who decline the use of their clinical data for research purposes.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Agreement Between Predicted and Actual Postoperative ICU Requirement
Time Frame: Within the first 24 hours after surgery
Agreement between preoperative predictions of postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) requirement made by ChatGPT-5 and anesthesiologists, compared with actual postoperative ICU admission outcomes.
Within the first 24 hours after surgery

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Beste Mutlu Dağlıoğlu

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Beste Mutlu Dağlıoğlu, Antalya City Hospital

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

December 7, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 31, 2025

Study Completion (Estimated)

June 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

February 1, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 1, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

February 9, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

February 11, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 7, 2026

Last Verified

January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • AntalyaCity

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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