Periodontal Status and Cytokine Levels in Patients With Non-Infectious Uveitis (NIU-PERIO)

March 14, 2026 updated by: Duygu Durmaz, Selcuk University

Periodontal Status and Cytokines in Individuals With Non-Infectious Uveitis

This cross-sectional observational study aimed to evaluate periodontal clinical parameters and inflammatory cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and serum in patients with non-infectious uveitis (NIU) compared with systemically healthy individuals.

Twenty-five patients diagnosed with non-infectious uveitis and twenty-seven age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Clinical periodontal parameters including probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, plaque index, gingival index, and bleeding on probing were recorded. Biological samples including saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and serum were collected.

Levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17 were measured using ELISA. The study aimed to investigate whether periodontal inflammatory status and systemic cytokine profiles are associated with non-infectious uveitis.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Detailed Description

Non-infectious uveitis (NIU) is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition affecting the uveal tract of the eye and may be associated with systemic immune dysregulation. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth and is known to contribute to systemic inflammatory burden through the release of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators.

Both NIU and periodontal disease involve complex immune responses and cytokine networks. However, the potential relationship between periodontal inflammation and NIU remains unclear. The present cross-sectional study was designed to investigate possible associations between periodontal clinical status and systemic and local inflammatory cytokine profiles in patients with NIU.

Participants included patients diagnosed with non-infectious uveitis and systemically healthy control individuals. Periodontal examinations were performed and biological samples including gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, and serum were collected. Levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

The objective of this study was to compare periodontal parameters and cytokine levels between NIU patients and healthy controls in order to evaluate whether periodontal inflammatory burden is associated with systemic immune alterations in individuals with non-infectious uveitis.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

52

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Konya
      • Konya, Konya, Turkey (Türkiye)
        • Selcuk University Faculty of Dentistry

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

This cross-sectional study included adult individuals diagnosed with non-infectious uveitis (NIU) and systemically healthy controls. Participants were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology at Selcuk University. All participants underwent comprehensive periodontal examination and biofluid sampling, including gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, and serum, for cytokine analysis.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Participants aged 18 years or older.
  • Patients diagnosed with non-infectious uveitis according to the
  • Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) criteria.
  • Presence of at least 20 natural teeth.
  • Individuals who agreed to participate in the study and provided informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of infectious uveitis.
  • Pregnancy or lactation.
  • Use of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or immunosuppressive therapy within the previous 6 months.
  • History of periodontal treatment within the previous 6 months.
  • Presence of systemic diseases known to affect periodontal status.
  • Current smokers.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Non-infectious Uveitis Group
Participants diagnosed with non-infectious uveitis who underwent periodontal examination and provided saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and serum samples for cytokine analysis.
Healthy Control Group
Systemically healthy individuals without ocular inflammatory disease who underwent periodontal examination and biological sample collection.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
IL-10 concentration in serum (pg/L)
Time Frame: Baseline
IL-10 concentration was measured in serum samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cytokine concentrations were calculated based on standard curves and expressed as picograms per liter (pg/L).
Baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
TNF-α concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (ng/sec)
Time Frame: Baseline
TNF-α concentration was measured in gingival crevicular fluid samples using ELISA. Total cytokine amount was calculated by multiplying concentration by sample volume and expressed as nanograms per second (ng/sec).
Baseline
TNF-α concentration in saliva (ng/min)
Time Frame: Baseline
TNF-α concentration was measured in saliva samples using ELISA. Salivary cytokine amounts were adjusted for salivary flow rate and expressed as nanograms per minute (ng/min).
Baseline
TNF-α concentration in serum (ng/L)
Time Frame: Baseline
TNF-α concentration was measured in serum samples using ELISA and expressed as nanograms per liter (ng/L).
Baseline
IL-1β concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (pg/sec)
Time Frame: Baseline
IL-1β concentration was measured in gingival crevicular fluid samples using ELISA. Total cytokine amount was calculated by multiplying concentration by sample volume and expressed as picograms per second (pg/sec).
Baseline
IL-1β concentration in saliva (pg/min)
Time Frame: Baseline
IL-1β concentration was measured in saliva samples using ELISA. Salivary cytokine amounts were adjusted for salivary flow rate and expressed as picograms per minute (pg/min).
Baseline
IL-1β concentration in serum (pg/L)
Time Frame: Baseline
IL-1β concentration was measured in serum samples using ELISA and expressed as picograms per liter (pg/L).
Baseline
IL-2 concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (ng/sec)
Time Frame: Baseline
IL-2 concentration was measured in gingival crevicular fluid samples using ELISA and expressed as nanograms per second (ng/sec).
Baseline
IL-2 concentration in saliva (ng/min)
Time Frame: Baseline
IL-2 concentration was measured in saliva samples using ELISA and expressed as nanograms per minute (ng/min).
Baseline
IL-2 concentration in serum (ng/L)
Time Frame: Baseline
IL-2 concentration was measured in serum samples using ELISA and expressed as nanograms per liter (ng/L).
Baseline
IL-6 concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (ng/sec)
Time Frame: Baseline
IL-6 concentration was measured in gingival crevicular fluid samples using ELISA and expressed as nanograms per second (ng/sec).
Baseline
IL-6 concentration in saliva (ng/min)
Time Frame: Baseline
IL-6 concentration was measured in saliva samples using ELISA and expressed as nanograms per minute (ng/min).
Baseline
IL-6 concentration in serum (ng/L)
Time Frame: Baseline
IL-6 concentration was measured in serum samples using ELISA and expressed as nanograms per liter (ng/L).
Baseline
IL-8 concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (ng/sec)
Time Frame: Baseline
IL-8 concentration was measured in gingival crevicular fluid samples using ELISA and expressed as nanograms per second (ng/sec).
Baseline
IL-8 concentration in saliva (ng/min)
Time Frame: Baseline
IL-8 concentration was measured in saliva samples using ELISA and expressed as nanograms per minute (ng/min).
Baseline
IL-8 concentration in serum (ng/L)
Time Frame: Baseline
IL-8 concentration was measured in serum samples using ELISA and expressed as nanograms per liter (ng/L).
Baseline
IL-10 concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (pg/sec)
Time Frame: Baseline
IL-10 concentration was measured in gingival crevicular fluid samples using ELISA and expressed as picograms per second (pg/sec).
Baseline
IL-10 concentration in saliva (pg/min)
Time Frame: Baseline
IL-10 concentration was measured in saliva samples using ELISA and expressed as picograms per minute (pg/min).
Baseline
IL-17 concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (ng/sec)
Time Frame: Baseline
IL-17 concentration was measured in gingival crevicular fluid samples using ELISA and expressed as nanograms per second (ng/sec).
Baseline
IL-17 concentration in saliva (ng/min)
Time Frame: Baseline
IL-17 concentration was measured in saliva samples using ELISA and expressed as nanograms per minute (ng/min).
Baseline
IL-17 concentration in serum (ng/L)
Time Frame: Baseline
IL-17 concentration was measured in serum samples using ELISA and expressed as nanograms per liter (ng/L).
Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Selcuk University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Duygu durmaz, DDS,MSc, Pendik Oral and Dental Health Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

October 1, 2020

Primary Completion (Actual)

August 31, 2021

Study Completion (Actual)

August 31, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 11, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 14, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

March 18, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 18, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 14, 2026

Last Verified

March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • NIU-Perio-2020

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on Non-infectious Uveitis

Search Similar Trials

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

CROs by country

CROs in Ghana

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

Subscribe