Expression of CD274 (PD-L1) and CD276 in B-cell Malignancies: A Study by Flowcytometry

March 31, 2026 updated by: Norhan mostafa Mohamed Abdelal, Assiut University

Expression of CD274 (PD-L1) and CD276 in B-cell Malignancies: A Study by Flowcyometry

B-cell malignancies include a spectrum of cancers originating from abnormal B lymphocytes at different developmental stages (1) that affect the peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM), and lymphatic system. They can be categorized into leukemias and lymphomas. Each has unique characteristics, depending on the type of cells affected, and different behaviors, ranging from chronic conditions with slow progression to aggressive forms that require immediate treatment (2).

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematologic malignancy in childhood and the predominant form of precursor B-cell leukemia globally, accounting for 85% of ALL cases. According to recent global burden estimates, ALL incidence increased to over 100 000 cases worldwide by 2021, corresponding to an age-standardized incidence rate of ~1.4 per 100 000 persons per year (3). Its quick course and possibility of systemic involvement make early and prompt diagnosis and efficient treatment essential for enhancing long-term survival, especially in young patients.(4).

B-Chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (B-CLPDs) are a diverse collection of illnesses that are defined by the uncontrolled and clonal expansion of mature B cells. Although they can range from indolent to aggressive, they usually impact elderly persons and have a slow-growing, indolent clinical history. These conditions account for more than 90% of all chronic lymphoid cancers (5).

B-cell malignancies arise from disruption of immune system regulation through alterations in crucial signaling pathways, such as the B-cell receptor (BCR) signalling defect, imbalance between stimulatory signals (that drive proliferation and differentiation) and inhibitory signals (that enforce tolerance and prevent overstimulation) leading to anti-tumor immunity with development and metastasis of cancer cells (6).

An essential part of the immune regulatory system for malignancies, the B7-H family which is an important immune checkpoint provides new opportunities for modifying the tumor microenvironment (TME). This family is well-known for its several functions in controlling both innate and adaptive immunity. It is also involved in the recruitment and polarization of diverse immune cells and can have co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory effects on T cells, affecting processes like T cell activation, differentiation, and effector functions. Two important members in this family are: B7-H1 (PD-L1) also known CD274 and B7-H3 (CD276) (7).

Firstly, PD-L1 (CD274) which bind to PD-1 . This interaction primarily result in suppresses effector T cell activity while promoting the activity of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs), hence negatively regulating the adaptive immune response. However, in malignancy, cancer cells promote the PD-1/PD-L1 axis to cause immune escape in cancer development and progression (8). It was reported that PD-L1 is widely expressed in solid tumors like melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (9).

Secondly, CD276, also called B7-H3, is abundantly expressed in cancer cells and activated tumor-infiltrating immune cells aiding in the evasion of cytotoxic T-cell and natural killer cell surveillance (10). According to new research, B7-H3 contributes to tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to treatment, all of which have a negative impact on patient outcomes (11).

Till now, the co-expression and functional relationship of CD274 and CD276 in B-cell malignancies remain poorly recognized. Understanding whether malignant B cells utilize multiple immune checkpoint pathways simultaneously may explain resistance to immunotherapy and identify novel prognostic and therapeutic targets.

Study Overview

Status

Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

159

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

  • Acute B- lymphoblastic leukemia. or
  • B- lymphoproliferative disorders (whether chronic lymphocytic leukemia or any other disorder)

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Newly diagnosed patients of both gender at any age with

  • Acute B- lymphoblastic leukemia. or
  • B- lymphoproliferative disorders (whether chronic lymphocytic leukemia or any other disorder)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with any other type of malignancies.
  • Patients that receiving chemotherapy.
  • Patients with any autoimmune diseases

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
healthy control
B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia
B-chronic lymphoproliferative disorder

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Using CD274 and CD276 in diagnosis of B-cell malignancies using Flowcytometric technique
Time Frame: 3 years
By flowcytometric technique (Beckman coulter analyzer)
3 years

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Assiut University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

July 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

July 2, 2029

Study Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2030

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 26, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 31, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

April 7, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 7, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 31, 2026

Last Verified

March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

  • dyuhufhjdfvhbffd

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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