Effect of Health Belief Model-Based Education on Cervical Cancer Knowledge and HPV Vaccine Attitudes in Women (HBM-HPV)

July 15, 2026 updated by: Muhammet Faruk Yigit

Effect of a Health Belief Model Based Education Program on Women's Cervical Cancer Knowledge and HPV Vaccination Attitudes in Primary Care Settings: A Quasi-Experimental Pre-test-Posttest Controlled Study

This study evaluated the effect of a Health Belief Model-based educational intervention on women's knowledge of cervical cancer and their attitudes and beliefs toward HPV vaccination. The study was conducted among women aged 18-49 years attending a primary health care center in Van, Türkiye. Participants were assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received a structured, face-to-face educational program, while the control group received routine care. Data were collected using validated questionnaires before and after the intervention. The findings contributed to a better understanding of strategies to improve preventive health behaviors and increase HPV vaccination awareness among women.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest controlled intervention designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model (HBM)-based educational program on women's cervical cancer knowledge and HPV vaccination attitudes in a primary care setting. The study was conducted at the Tusba Training Family Health Center in Van, Türkiye, between March 2026 and May 2026.

The study population consisted of women aged 18-49 years attending the Tusba Training Family Health Center. Women who met the inclusion criteria and provided written informed consent were enrolled in the study. A total of 154 participants were assigned to the intervention (n = 77) and control (n = 77) groups using a systematic allocation approach based on the order of admission. Baseline data were collected using a Participant Information Form, the Cervical Cancer Knowledge Scale, and the Carolina HPV Immunization Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (CHIAS).

The intervention group received a structured educational program based on the Health Belief Model. The program consisted of two face-to-face sessions lasting approximately 30-40 minutes each. The educational content included information on cervical cancer, risk factors, screening methods, HPV infection, HPV vaccination, and common misconceptions. The program was structured around the key constructs of the Health Belief Model, including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers.

The control group received routine primary health care services without any additional structured educational intervention.

Post-intervention data were collected approximately 15 days after completion of the educational program using the same measurement instruments. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods, including descriptive statistics and comparative tests for within-group and between-group differences. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

The study did not involve any invasive procedures, biological sample collection, or pharmaceutical interventions. All study procedures were conducted in accordance with ethical principles, and participant confidentiality was maintained throughout the study.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

154

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Van
      • Van, Van, Turkey (Türkiye), 65100
        • Tusba Training Family Health Center

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Women aged 18-49 years
  • Applied to a Family Health Center
  • Parents of adolescent girls (aged 10-18 years)
  • Able to read and write Turkish
  • Voluntarily agreed to participate in the study
  • Provided written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Previous HPV vaccination
  • Diagnosis of cervical cancer
  • Cognitive or psychiatric disorders that interfered with communication

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Experimental
Participants received a structured face-to-face Health Belief Model-based educational program consisting of two sessions.
Behavioral: Health Belief Model-Based Education
A structured face-to-face educational program based on the Health Belief Model consisting of two sessions (30-40 minutes each) covering cervical cancer, HPV infection, cervical cancer screening, HPV vaccination, common misconceptions, and the key Health Belief Model constructs, including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers.
No Intervention: No Intervention
Participants received routine primary health care services without additional structured educational intervention.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Cervical Cancer Knowledge Score
Time Frame: Baseline and 15 days post-intervention
Change in participants' knowledge of cervical cancer was assessed using the Cervical Cancer Knowledge Scale. The scale consists of 20 items, with total scores ranging from 0 to 20, where higher scores indicate greater knowledge about cervical cancer. Measurements were conducted before the educational intervention and 15 days after the intervention.
Baseline and 15 days post-intervention
Change in HPV Vaccination Attitudes and Beliefs Score
Time Frame: Baseline and 15 days post-intervention
Change in participants' attitudes and beliefs toward HPV vaccination was assessed using the Carolina HPV Immunization Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (CHIAS). The scale consists of 16 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 16 to 64, where higher scores indicate more negative attitudes and beliefs toward HPV vaccination. Measurements were conducted before the intervention and 15 days after the intervention.
Baseline and 15 days post-intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Muhammet Faruk Yigit

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

March 15, 2026

Primary Completion (Actual)

April 15, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

May 12, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

April 2, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 2, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

April 9, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

July 16, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 15, 2026

Last Verified

March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 09.03.2026-238631
  • EA-2026-5244 (Other Identifier: Mus Alparslan University Scientific Research Ethics Committee)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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