Effect of Using Virtual Glasses on Anxiety, Pain and Comfort During Uterine Tonus Assessment (Uterine Tone)

This randomized controlled experimental study aimed to determine the effect of using virtual glasses during uterine tone assessment on anxiety, pain and comfort. The hypotheses of this study were determined as follows:

H1-a: Using virtual reality glasses during uterine tone assessment affects anxiety.

H1-b: Using virtual reality glasses during uterine tone assessment affects pain.

H1-c: Using virtual reality glasses during uterine tone assessment affects comfort.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Pregnancy Related
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Virtual reality (VR) glasses are used as a midwifery intervention to reduce anxiety, stress, comfort and pain by drawing the individual's attention in a different direction. VR glasses are a stress in

Detailed Description

Data collection tools will be collected from women who gave birth in the Maternity Ward of Malatya Education and Research Hospital between February 2024 and February 2025 and who agreed to participate in the study, using the face-to-face interview method on weekdays by the researchers. Data will be collected in two stages. The application time of the data collection tools is planned to be completed in approximately 20 minutes as pre-test and post-test. Before the women in the experimental group are applied with SG glasses, the Personal Information Form, State Anxiety Scale (SAS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and General Comfort Scale (GCS) will be applied and pre-test data will be collected. Then, these women will watch videos with nature scenes using SG glasses during the uterine tone assessment. After the uterine tone assessment process is completed, the pregnant women in the experimental group will be applied the State Anxiety Scale (SAS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and General Comfort Scale (GCS) again and the post-test data will be collected and the data collection process will be completed. Before the uterine tone assessment, the State Anxiety Scale (SAS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and General Comfort Scale (GCS) will be applied to the women in the control group and pre-test data will be collected. No intervention will be applied to these women during the uterine tone assessment process. After the uterine tone assessment process is completed, the State Anxiety Scale (SAS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and General Comfort Scale (GCS) will be applied to the pregnant women in the control group again and post-test data will be collected, and the data collection process will be completed. The pre-natal hemoglobin value and the 6th hour post-natal hemoglobin value of all women in the experimental and control groups will be recorded as part of the hospital's routine procedure.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 146
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • None Selected
    • Malatya, None Selected, Turkey (Türkiye), 44000
      • Inonu University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Literate, No communication problems, Within the first 24 hours after birth, No psychiatric diagnosis, No health problems during pregnancy.

Exclusion Criteria:

illiterate in intensive care after birth

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: standard care; group without virtual glasses
Experimental: virtual glasses applied group	Other: Virtual reality (VR) glasses are used as a midwifery intervention to reduce anxiety, stress, comfort and pain by drawing the individual's attention in a different direction. VR glasses are a stress in; Virtual reality (VR) glasses are used as a midwifery intervention to reduce anxiety, stress, comfort and pain by drawing the individual's attention in a different direction. VR glasses are a stress induction method that provides a fictional reality simulation with visual-visual orientation and three-dimensional views that allow the person to experience real-time perspective. Women may experience pain at different levels in the postpartum period. Pain affects the woman's emotional state and severe pain can cause anxiety in the woman. Pain in the postpartum period is usually caused by rapid and intermittent contractions of the uterus. The application of pressure to the uterine fundus by the midwife to evaluate the amount of postpartum bleeding and the tone of the uterus may increase the woman's pain and anxiety level and may also cause deterioration in her general comfort. Considering this information, it is thought that the relaxing effect of using virtual glasses during the uterine ton

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores	The Visual Analog Scale will be used to assess the pain that will occur during the postpartum uterine tone assessment. VAS is a scale created between 0-10 cm. According to the scale, 0 cm: pain is not severe at all, 10 cm: unbearable pain. On the scale, 0-44 mm indicates mild pain, 45-74 mm indicates moderate pain, and 75-100 mm indicates severe pain.	20 minute

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Scores	The inventory, which was developed by Spielberger, Gorsuch and Lushene in 1970 and whose validity and reliability in Turkish were made by Öner and Le Compte in 1985, consists of 20 items measuring state anxiety. The State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) requires the individual to describe how he/she feels at a certain moment and under certain conditions. The inventory is answered using 4-point scales. The feelings and behaviors expressed in the State Anxiety Inventory items are indicated by selecting one of the options "(1) Not at all, (2) A little, (3) A lot and (4) Completely" according to the degree of severity of such experiences. There are 10 reverse items in the SAI. These are items 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19 and 20. The remaining items 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 17, and 18 directly measure the expression. Two separate keys are prepared to determine the total weights of the direct and reverse items in scoring. The total weighted score obtained for the direct statements is subtracted	20 minute

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Postpartum Comfort Scale (PPSC) Scores	The Postpartum Comfort Scale is a 5-point Likert-type scale developed by Karakaplan and Yıldız (2010) to measure comfort levels. Scoring and expressions ranging from "completely agree" (5 points) to "completely disagree" (1 point) were made for all scale items. The expression "completely agree" represents the highest comfort (5 points) in positive sentences, while it represents the lowest comfort (1 point) in negative sentences. In this case, the highest score that can be obtained from the scale is 170, and the lowest score is 34. An increase in the mean score obtained from the scale indicates that the comfort level has also increased. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be .78 for the total DSKÖ.	20 minute

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Inonu University

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31003667/

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 1, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 1, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): February 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 16, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 16, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): April 22, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 22, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 16, 2026
• Last Verified: March 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: pain; anxiety; virtual reality; puerperium; uterus; tone
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neurologic Manifestations; Mental Disorders; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Signs and Symptoms; Pain; Anxiety Disorders; methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2023/5359

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: Research results will be shared.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No