Comparative Effects of Exercises on Reactive Balance and Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Comparative Effects of Sensory Perturbation and Dual-Task Training in Combination With Square-Stepping Exercises on Reactive Balance and Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
This randomized clinical trial is comparing the effects of sensory perturbation and dual task training in combination with square-stepping exercises on reactive balance and fall risk in community-dwelling older adults. Thirty-four (34) older adults who will meet inclusion criteria will be recruited by using non-probability convenient sampling from an old age home. A complete physical history and data of demographic characteristics (age, height, weight, BMI etc.) will be collected from the participants. For intervention participants will be randomly allocated into two groups i.e., A and B. Group A will receive square-stepping exercises with sensory perturbation for 30 minutes, 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks. Group B will receive square-stepping exercises with dual task training for 30 minutes, 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks. Both groups will also receive conventional training for 30 minutes. Measurements of fall risk and reactive balance will be taken at baseline and at 6th week.
Studieoversigt
Status
Status
Betingelser
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Intervention / Behandling
Undersøgelsestype
Undersøgelsestype
Tilmelding (Anslået)
Tilmelding
Fase
Fase
- Ikke anvendelig
Kontakter og lokationer
Studiesteder
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Punjab Province
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Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan, 54000
- UMT (University of Management and Technology)
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Kontakt:
- Maham Khalid, M.Phil
- Telefonnummer: +923244467622
- E-mail: maham.khalid@umt.edu.pk
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Underforsker:
- Memoona Bibi, MSPT
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Deltagelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Køn, der er berettiget til at studere
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
Aged 60-85 years Both males and females Can walk independently with or without an assistive device Fall efficacy scale = 9-13 TUG =10.9 + 3.9 (20) For cognitive functions: MMSE = 24-30 Must be community-dwelling
Exclusion Criteria:
Older adults with neurological conditions and sensori-motor impairments. Severe musculoskeletal impairments e.g., recent fracture Vestibular disorders e.g., Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). Severe visual impairment due to diabetic retinopathy or cataracts. Cardiovascular or cardiopulmonary instability. (Only if the condition could impair their ability to cooperate or is associated with rapid deterioration).
Studieplan
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
- Primært formål: Behandling
- Tildeling: Randomiseret
- Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
- Maskning: Enkelt
Antal våben
Våben og indgreb
Deltagergruppe / ArmDeltagergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlingIntervention / Behandling |
|---|---|
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Eksperimentel: Square Stepping Exercises (SSE) with Sensory Perturbation
Participants perform square stepping exercise (SSE): stepping pattern in forward, backward, lateral, and diagonal directions on thin mat (250 cm x 100 cm) partitioned into 40 squares (25 cm x 25 cm). After instructor's demonstration, participants memorize and practice each pattern in a supervised group. For sensory perturbation, foam pieces are randomly placed under mat, hidden from participants, creating unpredictable surface that challenges somatosensory input and reactive balance. Foam positions are changed in each session. Pattern difficulty is progressed by increasing complexity of pattern. Session last 30 minutes, 3 per week for 6 weeks. Participants also receive 30 minutes of ACSM-based balance training per session: progressive reduction of base of support (two-legged to one-legged stands); dynamic movements perturbing center of gravity (tandem, toe, heel, sideways walking; raising leg with contralateral arm); heel and toe stands. An instructor supervises all sessions. |
Participants perform square stepping exercise (SSE): stepping pattern in forward, backward, lateral, and diagonal directions on thin mat (250 cm x 100 cm) partitioned into 40 squares (25 cm x 25 cm). After instructor's demonstration, participants memorize and practice each pattern in a supervised group. For sensory perturbation, foam pieces are randomly placed under mat, hidden from participants, creating unpredictable surface that challenges somatosensory input and reactive balance. Foam positions are changed in each session. Pattern difficulty is progressed by increasing complexity of pattern. Session last 30 minutes, 3 per week for 6 weeks. Participants also receive 30 minutes of ACSM-based balance training per session: progressive reduction of base of support (two-legged to one-legged stands); dynamic movements perturbing center of gravity (tandem, toe, heel, sideways walking; raising leg with contralateral arm); heel and toe stands. An instructor supervises all sessions. |
|
Eksperimentel: Square Stepping Exercises (SSE) with Dual-Task Training
Participants perform square stepping exercise (SSE): stepping pattern in forward, backward, lateral, and diagonal directions on thin mat (250 cm x 100 cm) partitioned into 40 squares (25 cm x 25 cm). After instructor's demonstration, participants memorize and practice each pattern in a supervised group. For dual-task training, participants say aloud as many as words possible from a given category (e.g., animals, fruits) while performing one pattern, without repeating words. Categories change with each pattern and progress from general to specific; pattern complexity also increases. Session last 30 minutes, 3 per week for 6 weeks. Participants also receive 30 minutes of ACSM-based balance training per session: progressive reduction of base of support (two-legged to one-legged stands); dynamic movements perturbing center of gravity (tandem, toe, heel, sideways walking; raising leg with contralateral arm); heel and toe stands. An instructor supervises all sessions. |
Participants perform square stepping exercise (SSE): stepping pattern in forward, backward, lateral, and diagonal directions on thin mat (250 cm x 100 cm) partitioned into 40 squares (25 cm x 25 cm). After instructor's demonstration, participants memorize and practice each pattern in a supervised group. For dual-task training, participants say aloud as many as words possible from a given category (e.g., animals, fruits) while performing one pattern, without repeating words. Categories change with each pattern and progress from general to specific; pattern complexity also increases. Session last 30 minutes, 3 per week for 6 weeks. Participants also receive 30 minutes of ACSM-based balance training per session: progressive reduction of base of support (two-legged to one-legged stands); dynamic movements perturbing center of gravity (tandem, toe, heel, sideways walking; raising leg with contralateral arm); heel and toe stands. An instructor supervises all sessions. |
Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Berg Balance Scale (for risk of fall)
Tidsramme: Baseline and after 6 weeks
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The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) has 14 items in daily life activities and living settings to evaluate a fall risk. Each item ranges from 0 to 4. The total score is used to classify the fall risk into 3 groups: high-risk group (0-20 points), moderate-risk group (21-40 points), and low-risk group (41-56 points). |
Baseline and after 6 weeks
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MiniBESTest (for Reactive Balance)
Tidsramme: Baseline and after 6 weeks
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The Balance Evaluation Systems Test1 (BESTest) was developed to identify the postural control system(s) that underly poor functional balance, enabling physiotherapists to target treatment to a person's specific balance deficit. The Mini-BESTest includes four subscales: transitions/anticipatory postural control, reactive postural control, sensory orientation and stability in gait. Each item is rated on a three-point ordinal scale (0 = severe to 2 = normal). |
Baseline and after 6 weeks
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Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Sponsor
Sponsor
Publikationer og nyttige links
Hjælpsomme links
Datoer for undersøgelser
Studer store datoer
Studiestart (Anslået)
Studiestart
Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)
Primær færdiggørelse
Studieafslutning (Anslået)
Studieafslutning
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
Først indsendt
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først opslået (Faktiske)
Først opslået
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
Sidste opdatering sendt
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidst verificeret
Sidst verificeret
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Nøgleord
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- RE-206-2026
Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)
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IPD-planbeskrivelse
The results data collected, de-identified individual participant data will be shared.
IPD-delingstidsramme
6 months after the publication of the manuscript.
IPD-delingsadgangskriterier
The data can be requested from the corresponding author.
IPD-deling Understøttende informationstype
- STUDY_PROTOCOL
- SAP
- ICF
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