Comparative Effects of Exercises on Reactive Balance and Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Comparative Effects of Sensory Perturbation and Dual-Task Training in Combination With Square-Stepping Exercises on Reactive Balance and Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
This randomized clinical trial is comparing the effects of sensory perturbation and dual task training in combination with square-stepping exercises on reactive balance and fall risk in community-dwelling older adults. Thirty-four (34) older adults who will meet inclusion criteria will be recruited by using non-probability convenient sampling from an old age home. A complete physical history and data of demographic characteristics (age, height, weight, BMI etc.) will be collected from the participants. For intervention participants will be randomly allocated into two groups i.e., A and B. Group A will receive square-stepping exercises with sensory perturbation for 30 minutes, 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks. Group B will receive square-stepping exercises with dual task training for 30 minutes, 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks. Both groups will also receive conventional training for 30 minutes. Measurements of fall risk and reactive balance will be taken at baseline and at 6th week.
Visão geral do estudo
Status
Status
Condições
Condições
Intervenção / Tratamento
Intervenção / Tratamento
Tipo de estudo
Tipo de estudo
Inscrição (Estimado)
Inscrição
Estágio
Estágio
- Não aplicável
Contactos e Locais
Locais de estudo
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Punjab Province
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Lahore, Punjab Province, Paquistão, 54000
- UMT (University of Management and Technology)
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Contato:
- Maham Khalid, M.Phil
- Número de telefone: +923244467622
- E-mail: maham.khalid@umt.edu.pk
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Subinvestigador:
- Memoona Bibi, MSPT
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Critérios de participação
Critérios de elegibilidade
Critérios de elegibilidade
Idades elegíveis para estudo
Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis
Gêneros Elegíveis para o Estudo
Descrição
Inclusion Criteria:
Aged 60-85 years Both males and females Can walk independently with or without an assistive device Fall efficacy scale = 9-13 TUG =10.9 + 3.9 (20) For cognitive functions: MMSE = 24-30 Must be community-dwelling
Exclusion Criteria:
Older adults with neurological conditions and sensori-motor impairments. Severe musculoskeletal impairments e.g., recent fracture Vestibular disorders e.g., Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). Severe visual impairment due to diabetic retinopathy or cataracts. Cardiovascular or cardiopulmonary instability. (Only if the condition could impair their ability to cooperate or is associated with rapid deterioration).
Plano de estudo
Como o estudo é projetado?
Detalhes do projeto
- Finalidade Principal: Tratamento
- Alocação: Randomizado
- Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição Paralela
- Mascaramento: Solteiro
Número de braços
Armas e Intervenções
Grupo de Participantes / BraçoGrupo de Participantes / Braço |
Intervenção / TratamentoIntervenção / Tratamento |
|---|---|
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Experimental: Square Stepping Exercises (SSE) with Sensory Perturbation
Participants perform square stepping exercise (SSE): stepping pattern in forward, backward, lateral, and diagonal directions on thin mat (250 cm x 100 cm) partitioned into 40 squares (25 cm x 25 cm). After instructor's demonstration, participants memorize and practice each pattern in a supervised group. For sensory perturbation, foam pieces are randomly placed under mat, hidden from participants, creating unpredictable surface that challenges somatosensory input and reactive balance. Foam positions are changed in each session. Pattern difficulty is progressed by increasing complexity of pattern. Session last 30 minutes, 3 per week for 6 weeks. Participants also receive 30 minutes of ACSM-based balance training per session: progressive reduction of base of support (two-legged to one-legged stands); dynamic movements perturbing center of gravity (tandem, toe, heel, sideways walking; raising leg with contralateral arm); heel and toe stands. An instructor supervises all sessions. |
Participants perform square stepping exercise (SSE): stepping pattern in forward, backward, lateral, and diagonal directions on thin mat (250 cm x 100 cm) partitioned into 40 squares (25 cm x 25 cm). After instructor's demonstration, participants memorize and practice each pattern in a supervised group. For sensory perturbation, foam pieces are randomly placed under mat, hidden from participants, creating unpredictable surface that challenges somatosensory input and reactive balance. Foam positions are changed in each session. Pattern difficulty is progressed by increasing complexity of pattern. Session last 30 minutes, 3 per week for 6 weeks. Participants also receive 30 minutes of ACSM-based balance training per session: progressive reduction of base of support (two-legged to one-legged stands); dynamic movements perturbing center of gravity (tandem, toe, heel, sideways walking; raising leg with contralateral arm); heel and toe stands. An instructor supervises all sessions. |
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Experimental: Square Stepping Exercises (SSE) with Dual-Task Training
Participants perform square stepping exercise (SSE): stepping pattern in forward, backward, lateral, and diagonal directions on thin mat (250 cm x 100 cm) partitioned into 40 squares (25 cm x 25 cm). After instructor's demonstration, participants memorize and practice each pattern in a supervised group. For dual-task training, participants say aloud as many as words possible from a given category (e.g., animals, fruits) while performing one pattern, without repeating words. Categories change with each pattern and progress from general to specific; pattern complexity also increases. Session last 30 minutes, 3 per week for 6 weeks. Participants also receive 30 minutes of ACSM-based balance training per session: progressive reduction of base of support (two-legged to one-legged stands); dynamic movements perturbing center of gravity (tandem, toe, heel, sideways walking; raising leg with contralateral arm); heel and toe stands. An instructor supervises all sessions. |
Participants perform square stepping exercise (SSE): stepping pattern in forward, backward, lateral, and diagonal directions on thin mat (250 cm x 100 cm) partitioned into 40 squares (25 cm x 25 cm). After instructor's demonstration, participants memorize and practice each pattern in a supervised group. For dual-task training, participants say aloud as many as words possible from a given category (e.g., animals, fruits) while performing one pattern, without repeating words. Categories change with each pattern and progress from general to specific; pattern complexity also increases. Session last 30 minutes, 3 per week for 6 weeks. Participants also receive 30 minutes of ACSM-based balance training per session: progressive reduction of base of support (two-legged to one-legged stands); dynamic movements perturbing center of gravity (tandem, toe, heel, sideways walking; raising leg with contralateral arm); heel and toe stands. An instructor supervises all sessions. |
O que o estudo está medindo?
Medidas de resultados primários
Medidas de resultados primários
Medida de resultado |
Descrição da medida |
Prazo |
|---|---|---|
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Berg Balance Scale (for risk of fall)
Prazo: Baseline and after 6 weeks
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The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) has 14 items in daily life activities and living settings to evaluate a fall risk. Each item ranges from 0 to 4. The total score is used to classify the fall risk into 3 groups: high-risk group (0-20 points), moderate-risk group (21-40 points), and low-risk group (41-56 points). |
Baseline and after 6 weeks
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MiniBESTest (for Reactive Balance)
Prazo: Baseline and after 6 weeks
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The Balance Evaluation Systems Test1 (BESTest) was developed to identify the postural control system(s) that underly poor functional balance, enabling physiotherapists to target treatment to a person's specific balance deficit. The Mini-BESTest includes four subscales: transitions/anticipatory postural control, reactive postural control, sensory orientation and stability in gait. Each item is rated on a three-point ordinal scale (0 = severe to 2 = normal). |
Baseline and after 6 weeks
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
Patrocinador
Patrocinador
Publicações e links úteis
Links úteis
Datas de registro do estudo
Datas Principais do Estudo
Início do estudo (Estimado)
Início do estudo
Conclusão Primária (Estimado)
Conclusão Primária
Conclusão do estudo (Estimado)
Conclusão do estudo
Datas de inscrição no estudo
Enviado pela primeira vez
Enviado pela primeira vez
Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ
Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ
Primeira postagem (Real)
Primeira postagem
Atualizações de registro de estudo
Última Atualização Postada (Real)
Última Atualização Postada
Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade
Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade
Última verificação
Última verificação
Mais Informações
Termos relacionados a este estudo
Palavras-chave
Outros números de identificação do estudo
Outros números de identificação do estudo
- RE-206-2026
Plano para dados de participantes individuais (IPD)
Planeja compartilhar dados de participantes individuais (IPD)?
Descrição do plano IPD
The results data collected, de-identified individual participant data will be shared.
Prazo de Compartilhamento de IPD
6 months after the publication of the manuscript.
Critérios de acesso de compartilhamento IPD
The data can be requested from the corresponding author.
Tipo de informação de suporte de compartilhamento de IPD
- PROTOCOLO DE ESTUDO
- SEIVA
- CIF
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