Comparative Effects of Exercises on Reactive Balance and Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Comparative Effects of Sensory Perturbation and Dual-Task Training in Combination With Square-Stepping Exercises on Reactive Balance and Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
This randomized clinical trial is comparing the effects of sensory perturbation and dual task training in combination with square-stepping exercises on reactive balance and fall risk in community-dwelling older adults. Thirty-four (34) older adults who will meet inclusion criteria will be recruited by using non-probability convenient sampling from an old age home. A complete physical history and data of demographic characteristics (age, height, weight, BMI etc.) will be collected from the participants. For intervention participants will be randomly allocated into two groups i.e., A and B. Group A will receive square-stepping exercises with sensory perturbation for 30 minutes, 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks. Group B will receive square-stepping exercises with dual task training for 30 minutes, 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks. Both groups will also receive conventional training for 30 minutes. Measurements of fall risk and reactive balance will be taken at baseline and at 6th week.
Studie Overzicht
Toestand
Toestand
Conditie
Conditie
Interventie / Behandeling
Interventie / Behandeling
Studietype
Studietype
Inschrijving (Geschat)
Inschrijving
Fase
Fase
- Niet toepasbaar
Contacten en locaties
Studie Locaties
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Punjab Province
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Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan, 54000
- UMT (University of Management and Technology)
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Contact:
- Maham Khalid, M.Phil
- Telefoonnummer: +923244467622
- E-mail: maham.khalid@umt.edu.pk
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Onderonderzoeker:
- Memoona Bibi, MSPT
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Deelname Criteria
Geschiktheidscriteria
Geschiktheidscriteria
Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie
Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers
Geslachten die in aanmerking komen voor studie
Beschrijving
Inclusion Criteria:
Aged 60-85 years Both males and females Can walk independently with or without an assistive device Fall efficacy scale = 9-13 TUG =10.9 + 3.9 (20) For cognitive functions: MMSE = 24-30 Must be community-dwelling
Exclusion Criteria:
Older adults with neurological conditions and sensori-motor impairments. Severe musculoskeletal impairments e.g., recent fracture Vestibular disorders e.g., Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). Severe visual impairment due to diabetic retinopathy or cataracts. Cardiovascular or cardiopulmonary instability. (Only if the condition could impair their ability to cooperate or is associated with rapid deterioration).
Studie plan
Hoe is de studie opgezet?
Ontwerpdetails
- Primair doel: Behandeling
- Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
- Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
- Masker: Enkel
Aantal wapens
Wapens en interventies
Deelnemersgroep / ArmDeelnemersgroep / Arm |
Interventie / BehandelingInterventie / Behandeling |
|---|---|
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Experimenteel: Square Stepping Exercises (SSE) with Sensory Perturbation
Participants perform square stepping exercise (SSE): stepping pattern in forward, backward, lateral, and diagonal directions on thin mat (250 cm x 100 cm) partitioned into 40 squares (25 cm x 25 cm). After instructor's demonstration, participants memorize and practice each pattern in a supervised group. For sensory perturbation, foam pieces are randomly placed under mat, hidden from participants, creating unpredictable surface that challenges somatosensory input and reactive balance. Foam positions are changed in each session. Pattern difficulty is progressed by increasing complexity of pattern. Session last 30 minutes, 3 per week for 6 weeks. Participants also receive 30 minutes of ACSM-based balance training per session: progressive reduction of base of support (two-legged to one-legged stands); dynamic movements perturbing center of gravity (tandem, toe, heel, sideways walking; raising leg with contralateral arm); heel and toe stands. An instructor supervises all sessions. |
Participants perform square stepping exercise (SSE): stepping pattern in forward, backward, lateral, and diagonal directions on thin mat (250 cm x 100 cm) partitioned into 40 squares (25 cm x 25 cm). After instructor's demonstration, participants memorize and practice each pattern in a supervised group. For sensory perturbation, foam pieces are randomly placed under mat, hidden from participants, creating unpredictable surface that challenges somatosensory input and reactive balance. Foam positions are changed in each session. Pattern difficulty is progressed by increasing complexity of pattern. Session last 30 minutes, 3 per week for 6 weeks. Participants also receive 30 minutes of ACSM-based balance training per session: progressive reduction of base of support (two-legged to one-legged stands); dynamic movements perturbing center of gravity (tandem, toe, heel, sideways walking; raising leg with contralateral arm); heel and toe stands. An instructor supervises all sessions. |
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Experimenteel: Square Stepping Exercises (SSE) with Dual-Task Training
Participants perform square stepping exercise (SSE): stepping pattern in forward, backward, lateral, and diagonal directions on thin mat (250 cm x 100 cm) partitioned into 40 squares (25 cm x 25 cm). After instructor's demonstration, participants memorize and practice each pattern in a supervised group. For dual-task training, participants say aloud as many as words possible from a given category (e.g., animals, fruits) while performing one pattern, without repeating words. Categories change with each pattern and progress from general to specific; pattern complexity also increases. Session last 30 minutes, 3 per week for 6 weeks. Participants also receive 30 minutes of ACSM-based balance training per session: progressive reduction of base of support (two-legged to one-legged stands); dynamic movements perturbing center of gravity (tandem, toe, heel, sideways walking; raising leg with contralateral arm); heel and toe stands. An instructor supervises all sessions. |
Participants perform square stepping exercise (SSE): stepping pattern in forward, backward, lateral, and diagonal directions on thin mat (250 cm x 100 cm) partitioned into 40 squares (25 cm x 25 cm). After instructor's demonstration, participants memorize and practice each pattern in a supervised group. For dual-task training, participants say aloud as many as words possible from a given category (e.g., animals, fruits) while performing one pattern, without repeating words. Categories change with each pattern and progress from general to specific; pattern complexity also increases. Session last 30 minutes, 3 per week for 6 weeks. Participants also receive 30 minutes of ACSM-based balance training per session: progressive reduction of base of support (two-legged to one-legged stands); dynamic movements perturbing center of gravity (tandem, toe, heel, sideways walking; raising leg with contralateral arm); heel and toe stands. An instructor supervises all sessions. |
Wat meet het onderzoek?
Primaire uitkomstmaten
Primaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|---|
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Berg Balance Scale (for risk of fall)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and after 6 weeks
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The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) has 14 items in daily life activities and living settings to evaluate a fall risk. Each item ranges from 0 to 4. The total score is used to classify the fall risk into 3 groups: high-risk group (0-20 points), moderate-risk group (21-40 points), and low-risk group (41-56 points). |
Baseline and after 6 weeks
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MiniBESTest (for Reactive Balance)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and after 6 weeks
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The Balance Evaluation Systems Test1 (BESTest) was developed to identify the postural control system(s) that underly poor functional balance, enabling physiotherapists to target treatment to a person's specific balance deficit. The Mini-BESTest includes four subscales: transitions/anticipatory postural control, reactive postural control, sensory orientation and stability in gait. Each item is rated on a three-point ordinal scale (0 = severe to 2 = normal). |
Baseline and after 6 weeks
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Medewerkers en onderzoekers
Sponsor
Sponsor
Publicaties en nuttige links
Nuttige links
Studie record data
Bestudeer belangrijke data
Studie start (Geschat)
Studie start
Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)
Primaire voltooiing
Studie voltooiing (Geschat)
Studie voltooiing
Studieregistratiedata
Eerst ingediend
Eerst ingediend
Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria
Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria
Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)
Eerst geplaatst
Updates van studierecords
Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)
Laatste update geplaatst
Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria
Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria
Laatst geverifieerd
Laatst geverifieerd
Meer informatie
Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie
Trefwoorden
Andere studie-ID-nummers
Andere studie-ID-nummers
- RE-206-2026
Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)
Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?
Beschrijving IPD-plan
The results data collected, de-identified individual participant data will be shared.
IPD-tijdsbestek voor delen
6 months after the publication of the manuscript.
IPD-toegangscriteria voor delen
The data can be requested from the corresponding author.
IPD delen Ondersteunend informatietype
- LEERPROTOCOOL
- SAP
- ICF
Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten
Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel
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