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HIV Screening Take-up: Evaluating Incentives and Opt-out Strategies

13. maj 2015 opdateret af: University of California, San Francisco
Over twenty percent of HIV-positive persons in the United States are unaware of their infection, leading the Institute of Medicine to recently urge further work to compare the effectiveness of HIV screening strategies. This study will use a randomized trial to compare several variants of emergency-room-based HIV-testing policies in order to determine how HIV test acceptance rates can be increased. The testing policies will be designed using principles from behavioral economics, varying the choice architecture and offering small monetary incentives. This will be the first study to measure differences in take-up rates across a variety of promising but largely untested approaches within a unified randomized trial. Three defaults will be tested: traditional opt-in (test only those patients who request testing), opt-out (routinely testing unless patients decline), and active-choice testing (patients are required to state whether they want to be tested). The study will also be the first to test the effect of small monetary incentives ($1, $5, $10) on test take-up. An additional novel study contribution will be to test the hypothesis that compliance with large requests (accept an HIV test) increases after making a small request or pre-commitment - this "foot in the door" technique has not been previously studied in this setting. The factorial design will permit a direct comparison of all interventions, as well as interactions. The study will contribute a nuanced empirical understanding of how testing protocols from behavioral economics theory affect the effectiveness and efficiency of screening programs in an actual scaled- up setting (San Francisco General Hospital). This will assist in implementing and assessing recent CDC guidelines on HIV screening, while also more generally advancing scientific knowledge related to applying behavioral economics in comparative effectiveness research.

Studieoversigt

Status

Afsluttet

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Faktiske)

8572

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiesteder

  • Forenede Stater
    • California
      • San Francisco, California, Forenede Stater, 94122
        • San Francisco General Hospital

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

13 år til 64 år (Barn, Voksen)

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Køn, der er berettiget til at studere

Alle

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients aged 13 - 64 years who are awake, alert, not intoxicated, and understand the premise of the test will be offered the test and questionnaire according to their treatment group.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients who have altered levels of consciousness, are critically ill (e.g., serious trauma), are known to have preexisting HIV diagnosis, or who have been tested for HIV in the past 3 months will be excluded from the study.
  • Pregnant patients will be excluded due to alternative guidelines for incorporating opt-out testing during prenatal care.
  • Any patients who are in police custody will also be excluded due to their lack of control over study participation decisions and ethical concerns over possible coercion.

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Screening
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Enkelt gruppeopgave
  • Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: Opt-In
Opt-in refers to a default of no test - patients must ask for the test in order to receive it. Patients are informed of the availability of rapid testing. They are tested only if they request the test.
Adfærdsmæssigt: HIV Test Offering
HIV Test will be offered as opt-in, opt-out, or active choice.
Eksperimentel: Opt-Out
Opt-out has a default to test - patients are informed that they will receive a rapid HIV screening test unless they decline it. Patients will be tested unless they decline.
Adfærdsmæssigt: HIV Test Offering
HIV Test will be offered as opt-in, opt-out, or active choice.
Eksperimentel: Active Choice
In the active choice treatment, there is no default; patients must actively accept or actively decline the test.
Adfærdsmæssigt: HIV Test Offering
HIV Test will be offered as opt-in, opt-out, or active choice.
Eksperimentel: $1 Incentive
When offering the HIV test, study staff will inform subjects that the ED is offering cash incentives to promote HIV testing (and that the test is also free), and will inform them of that day's value.
Adfærdsmæssigt: Monetary Incentive
$1, $5, or $10 incentive
Eksperimentel: $5 Incentive
When offering the HIV test, study staff will inform subjects that the ED is offering cash incentives to promote HIV testing (and that the test is also free), and will inform them of that day's value.
Adfærdsmæssigt: Monetary Incentive
$1, $5, or $10 incentive
Eksperimentel: $10 Incentive
When offering the HIV test, study staff will inform subjects that the ED is offering cash incentives to promote HIV testing (and that the test is also free), and will inform them of that day's value.
Adfærdsmæssigt: Monetary Incentive
$1, $5, or $10 incentive
Eksperimentel: Early Questionnaire
At a time that does not interfere with patients' medical care, patients will be approached by a member of the research team to consent to and complete a short (3 minutes) questionnaire. The questionnaire is designed to elicit two things: subjective risk of infection (e.g., What are the chances you have HIV? [Not possible, Unlikely, Possible, Likely, Certain]) and objective risk of infection (e.g., In the past year, have you given anyone drugs or money for sex?). The questionnaire will be administered as one of two timing treatments - a) at the beginning of care, before the patient is offered an HIV test (Early questionnaire) or b) after the patient has been offered an HIV test (Late questionnaire).
Adfærdsmæssigt: Questionnaire Timing
Timing of the questionnaire--either before or after testing is offered.
Eksperimentel: Late Questionnaire
At a time that does not interfere with patients' medical care, patients will be approached by a member of the research team to consent to and complete a short (3 minutes) questionnaire. The questionnaire is designed to elicit two things: subjective risk of infection (e.g., What are the chances you have HIV? [Not possible, Unlikely, Possible, Likely, Certain]) and objective risk of infection (e.g., In the past year, have you given anyone drugs or money for sex?). The questionnaire will be administered as one of two timing treatments - a) at the beginning of care, before the patient is offered an HIV test (Early questionnaire) or b) after the patient has been offered an HIV test (Late questionnaire).
Adfærdsmæssigt: Questionnaire Timing
Timing of the questionnaire--either before or after testing is offered.
Eksperimentel: FITD Questionnaire
There will be two versions of the early questionnaire: one standard Early questionnaire, and one with an additional question: "If you were offered an HIV test as part of your routine health care at no cost, would you get tested?" The two questionnaires will be otherwise identical.
Adfærdsmæssigt: Questionnaire Timing
Timing of the questionnaire--either before or after testing is offered.
Eksperimentel: Free
When offering the HIV test, study staff will inform subjects that the ED is offering HIV testing (and that the test is also free); no monetary incentive will be offered.
Adfærdsmæssigt: Monetary Incentive
$1, $5, or $10 incentive

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tidsramme
Proportion of patients offered an HIV test who accept
Tidsramme: Monthly
Monthly

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tidsramme
Proportion testing HIV positive of those tested
Tidsramme: Monthly
Monthly
Proportion testing HIV positive among those offered a test
Tidsramme: Monthly
Monthly

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

University of California, San Francisco

Samarbejdspartnere

National Institutes of Health (NIH)
National Institute on Aging (NIA)

Efterforskere

  • Ledende efterforsker: William H Dow, PhD, University of California, Berkeley
  • Ledende efterforsker: Beth Kaplan, MD, University of California, San Francisco

Publikationer og nyttige links

Den person, der er ansvarlig for at indtaste oplysninger om undersøgelsen, leverer frivilligt disse publikationer. Disse kan handle om alt relateret til undersøgelsen.

Generelle publikationer

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart

1. maj 2011

Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)

1. december 2013

Studieafslutning (Faktiske)

1. december 2013

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

18. juni 2011

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

20. juni 2011

Først opslået (Skøn)

21. juni 2011

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Skøn)

14. maj 2015

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

13. maj 2015

Sidst verificeret

1. maj 2015

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • 10562983
  • 1RC4AG039078-01 (U.S. NIH-bevilling/kontrakt)

Disse oplysninger blev hentet direkte fra webstedet clinicaltrials.gov uden ændringer. Hvis du har nogen anmodninger om at ændre, fjerne eller opdatere dine undersøgelsesoplysninger, bedes du kontakte register@clinicaltrials.gov. Så snart en ændring er implementeret på clinicaltrials.gov, vil denne også blive opdateret automatisk på vores hjemmeside .

Kliniske forsøg med HIV

Kliniske forsøg med HIV Test Offering

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