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HIV Screening Take-up: Evaluating Incentives and Opt-out Strategies

13. Mai 2015 aktualisiert von: University of California, San Francisco
Over twenty percent of HIV-positive persons in the United States are unaware of their infection, leading the Institute of Medicine to recently urge further work to compare the effectiveness of HIV screening strategies. This study will use a randomized trial to compare several variants of emergency-room-based HIV-testing policies in order to determine how HIV test acceptance rates can be increased. The testing policies will be designed using principles from behavioral economics, varying the choice architecture and offering small monetary incentives. This will be the first study to measure differences in take-up rates across a variety of promising but largely untested approaches within a unified randomized trial. Three defaults will be tested: traditional opt-in (test only those patients who request testing), opt-out (routinely testing unless patients decline), and active-choice testing (patients are required to state whether they want to be tested). The study will also be the first to test the effect of small monetary incentives ($1, $5, $10) on test take-up. An additional novel study contribution will be to test the hypothesis that compliance with large requests (accept an HIV test) increases after making a small request or pre-commitment - this "foot in the door" technique has not been previously studied in this setting. The factorial design will permit a direct comparison of all interventions, as well as interactions. The study will contribute a nuanced empirical understanding of how testing protocols from behavioral economics theory affect the effectiveness and efficiency of screening programs in an actual scaled- up setting (San Francisco General Hospital). This will assist in implementing and assessing recent CDC guidelines on HIV screening, while also more generally advancing scientific knowledge related to applying behavioral economics in comparative effectiveness research.

Studienübersicht

Studientyp

Interventionell

Einschreibung (Tatsächlich)

8572

Phase

  • Unzutreffend

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienorte

    • California
      • San Francisco, California, Vereinigte Staaten, 94122
        • San Francisco General Hospital

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

13 Jahre bis 64 Jahre (Kind, Erwachsene)

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

Ja

Studienberechtigte Geschlechter

Alle

Beschreibung

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients aged 13 - 64 years who are awake, alert, not intoxicated, and understand the premise of the test will be offered the test and questionnaire according to their treatment group.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients who have altered levels of consciousness, are critically ill (e.g., serious trauma), are known to have preexisting HIV diagnosis, or who have been tested for HIV in the past 3 months will be excluded from the study.
  • Pregnant patients will be excluded due to alternative guidelines for incorporating opt-out testing during prenatal care.
  • Any patients who are in police custody will also be excluded due to their lack of control over study participation decisions and ethical concerns over possible coercion.

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

  • Hauptzweck: Screening
  • Zuteilung: Zufällig
  • Interventionsmodell: Einzelgruppenzuweisung
  • Maskierung: Keine (Offenes Etikett)

Waffen und Interventionen

Teilnehmergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandlung
Experimental: Opt-In
Opt-in refers to a default of no test - patients must ask for the test in order to receive it. Patients are informed of the availability of rapid testing. They are tested only if they request the test.
HIV Test will be offered as opt-in, opt-out, or active choice.
Experimental: Opt-Out
Opt-out has a default to test - patients are informed that they will receive a rapid HIV screening test unless they decline it. Patients will be tested unless they decline.
HIV Test will be offered as opt-in, opt-out, or active choice.
Experimental: Active Choice
In the active choice treatment, there is no default; patients must actively accept or actively decline the test.
HIV Test will be offered as opt-in, opt-out, or active choice.
Experimental: $1 Incentive
When offering the HIV test, study staff will inform subjects that the ED is offering cash incentives to promote HIV testing (and that the test is also free), and will inform them of that day's value.
$1, $5, or $10 incentive
Experimental: $5 Incentive
When offering the HIV test, study staff will inform subjects that the ED is offering cash incentives to promote HIV testing (and that the test is also free), and will inform them of that day's value.
$1, $5, or $10 incentive
Experimental: $10 Incentive
When offering the HIV test, study staff will inform subjects that the ED is offering cash incentives to promote HIV testing (and that the test is also free), and will inform them of that day's value.
$1, $5, or $10 incentive
Experimental: Early Questionnaire
At a time that does not interfere with patients' medical care, patients will be approached by a member of the research team to consent to and complete a short (3 minutes) questionnaire. The questionnaire is designed to elicit two things: subjective risk of infection (e.g., What are the chances you have HIV? [Not possible, Unlikely, Possible, Likely, Certain]) and objective risk of infection (e.g., In the past year, have you given anyone drugs or money for sex?). The questionnaire will be administered as one of two timing treatments - a) at the beginning of care, before the patient is offered an HIV test (Early questionnaire) or b) after the patient has been offered an HIV test (Late questionnaire).
Timing of the questionnaire--either before or after testing is offered.
Experimental: Late Questionnaire
At a time that does not interfere with patients' medical care, patients will be approached by a member of the research team to consent to and complete a short (3 minutes) questionnaire. The questionnaire is designed to elicit two things: subjective risk of infection (e.g., What are the chances you have HIV? [Not possible, Unlikely, Possible, Likely, Certain]) and objective risk of infection (e.g., In the past year, have you given anyone drugs or money for sex?). The questionnaire will be administered as one of two timing treatments - a) at the beginning of care, before the patient is offered an HIV test (Early questionnaire) or b) after the patient has been offered an HIV test (Late questionnaire).
Timing of the questionnaire--either before or after testing is offered.
Experimental: FITD Questionnaire
There will be two versions of the early questionnaire: one standard Early questionnaire, and one with an additional question: "If you were offered an HIV test as part of your routine health care at no cost, would you get tested?" The two questionnaires will be otherwise identical.
Timing of the questionnaire--either before or after testing is offered.
Experimental: Free
When offering the HIV test, study staff will inform subjects that the ED is offering HIV testing (and that the test is also free); no monetary incentive will be offered.
$1, $5, or $10 incentive

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Zeitfenster
Proportion of patients offered an HIV test who accept
Zeitfenster: Monthly
Monthly

Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Zeitfenster
Proportion testing HIV positive of those tested
Zeitfenster: Monthly
Monthly
Proportion testing HIV positive among those offered a test
Zeitfenster: Monthly
Monthly

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Ermittler

  • Hauptermittler: William H Dow, PhD, University of California, Berkeley
  • Hauptermittler: Beth Kaplan, MD, University of California, San Francisco

Publikationen und hilfreiche Links

Die Bereitstellung dieser Publikationen erfolgt freiwillig durch die für die Eingabe von Informationen über die Studie verantwortliche Person. Diese können sich auf alles beziehen, was mit dem Studium zu tun hat.

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn

1. Mai 2011

Primärer Abschluss (Tatsächlich)

1. Dezember 2013

Studienabschluss (Tatsächlich)

1. Dezember 2013

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

18. Juni 2011

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

20. Juni 2011

Zuerst gepostet (Schätzen)

21. Juni 2011

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Schätzen)

14. Mai 2015

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

13. Mai 2015

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. Mai 2015

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Andere Studien-ID-Nummern

  • 10562983
  • 1RC4AG039078-01 (US NIH Stipendium/Vertrag)

Diese Informationen wurden ohne Änderungen direkt von der Website clinicaltrials.gov abgerufen. Wenn Sie Ihre Studiendaten ändern, entfernen oder aktualisieren möchten, wenden Sie sich bitte an register@clinicaltrials.gov. Sobald eine Änderung auf clinicaltrials.gov implementiert wird, wird diese automatisch auch auf unserer Website aktualisiert .

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