Prognosis in the Elderly Chinese: the Northern Shanghai Study (NSS)

Inclusion Criteria:

1. age≥65 years old(depending on identity card);
2. informed consent should be signed voluntarily;
3. the individuals are long-term residents in northern Shanghai.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. is diagnosed serious heart disease (NYHA>IV) or end stage renal disease (CKD > 4);
2. suffered with cancer and life expectancy was less than 5 years;
3. has stroke within 3 months;
4. is not willing to participate in the clinical study;
5. suffered with other disease to quite the trial;
6. violated the protocol;
7. lost contact with laboratory staff.