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PNF Versus Cryotherapy in Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

2. juni 2026 opdateret af: Sara Perpiñá, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca

Efficacy of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Versus Cryotherapy and Placebo on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: A Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial

This randomized, double-blind, single-center pilot clinical trial evaluated three interventions for delayed onset muscle soreness in the hamstring muscles.

Twenty-nine untrained adults were included. Delayed onset muscle soreness was induced using two eccentric hamstring exercises. Participants were then assigned to one of three groups: proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, local cryotherapy, or placebo consisting of water with sugar.

The main outcome was pressure pain threshold in the hamstring muscles. Other outcomes included knee range of motion, hamstring strength, pain intensity, perceived exertion, and blood lactate levels. Measurements were taken before the eccentric exercise, 24 hours after exercise before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 48 hours after exercise.

Studieoversigt

Status

Afsluttet

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Faktiske)

29

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiesteder

  • Spanien
    • Madrid
      • Madrid, Madrid, Spanien, 28015
        • Clínica Universitaria Salus Infirmorum, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults aged between 18 and 45 years.
  • Participants who did not usually perform physical exercise or whose exercise was not focused on the lower limbs.
  • Participants who had previously experienced delayed onset muscle soreness and were familiar with its effects.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Musculoskeletal injury of the lower limb.
  • Pregnancy.
  • Diabetes.
  • Cardiovascular problems.
  • History of cancer.
  • Autoimmune diseases, including Raynaud disease or rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Sensory disorders.
  • Skin disorders.
  • Skin conditions.
  • Peripheral venous or lymphatic vascular insufficiency.

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Behandling
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
  • Maskning: Dobbelt

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
Participants received a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation intervention targeting the hamstring muscles 24 hours after eccentric exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness.
Andet: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
A contract-relax-antagonist-contract proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique was applied to the hamstring muscles. The protocol included isometric hamstring contraction, rest, quadriceps contraction, and passive movement into a deeper hamstring stretch. The protocol was repeated twice on each leg.
Eksperimentel: Cryotherapy
Participants received local cryotherapy over the hamstring muscles 24 hours after eccentric exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness.
Andet: Local Cryotherapy
Participants were placed in prone position and an ice pack was applied over the hamstring muscles for 20 minutes. A thin cloth was placed between the ice pack and the skin to avoid direct contact.
Placebo komparator: water with sugar
Participants received a placebo intervention consisting of water with sugar 24 hours after eccentric exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness.
Andet: Placebo: Water With Sugar
Participants consumed 200 mL of water with 5 g of dissolved sugar after the eccentric exercise protocol.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in Pressure Pain Threshold in the Hamstring Muscles
Tidsramme: Baseline, 24 hours after eccentric exercise before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 48 hours after eccentric exercise
Pressure pain threshold was assessed using a pressure algometer over three points of maximum pain in the hamstring muscles. Three measurements were taken and the mean value was calculated.
Baseline, 24 hours after eccentric exercise before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 48 hours after eccentric exercise

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in Active Knee Range of Motion
Tidsramme: Baseline, 24 hours after eccentric exercise before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 48 hours after eccentric exercise
Active knee flexion and extension range of motion were assessed using a manual goniometer.
Baseline, 24 hours after eccentric exercise before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 48 hours after eccentric exercise
Change in Hamstring Muscle Strength
Tidsramme: Baseline, 24 hours after eccentric exercise before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 48 hours after eccentric exercise
Maximum hamstring strength was assessed using a handheld dynamometer.
Baseline, 24 hours after eccentric exercise before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 48 hours after eccentric exercise
Change in Blood Lactate Concentration
Tidsramme: Before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 48 hours after exercise
Blood lactate concentration was measured using a Lactate Edge device.
Before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 48 hours after exercise
Change in Pain Intensity
Tidsramme: Baseline, 24 hours after eccentric exercise before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 48 hours after eccentric exercise
Pain intensity was assessed using the 11-point Numeric Pain Rating Scale. Scores range from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain. Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity and therefore a worse outcome.
Baseline, 24 hours after eccentric exercise before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 48 hours after eccentric exercise
Perceived Exertion After Eccentric Exercise
Tidsramme: Immediately after eccentric exercise
Perceived exertion was assessed using the Modified Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale after completion of the eccentric exercise protocol. Scores range from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no exertion and 10 indicates maximal exertion. Higher scores indicate greater perceived exertion and therefore a worse outcome.
Immediately after eccentric exercise

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca

Efterforskere

  • Ledende efterforsker: Sara Perpiña Martínez, PhD, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

1. januar 2025

Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)

26. april 2025

Studieafslutning (Faktiske)

30. april 2025

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

28. maj 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

28. maj 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

3. juni 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

4. juni 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

2. juni 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. juni 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Nøgleord

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • UPSA-DOMS-2025

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?

JA

IPD-planbeskrivelse

De-identified individual participant data related to the outcomes reported in the study may be shared upon reasonable request to the principal investigator. Data will only be shared for academic and research purposes, after approval by the study team, and in accordance with applicable data protection regulations.

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