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Decision Support for Simulated Emergency Triage by Nurses: A Randomized Crossover Study

8 de noviembre de 2026 actualizado por: National Taiwan University Hospital

Development, Validation, and Human-AI Collaboration Evaluation of a Taiwan Triage and Acuity Scale Decision Support System

This randomized, three-period crossover study will evaluate a Taiwan Triage and Acuity Scale (TTAS) decision support system in a controlled simulation. Thirty nurses with emergency triage training or experience will each assess three different sets of 50 standardized, de-identified emergency cases. The three study conditions are unassisted triage, case-specific TTAS decision support, and a sham assistance interface. The order of conditions will be randomized, with 7 to 14 days between study periods. The main outcomes are agreement between nurses' final TTAS levels and an expert reference standard, active time needed to assess 50 cases, and a prespecified safety-adjusted efficiency score. Additional outcomes include undertriage, overtriage, workload, usability, and responses to misleading advice. The system will not be used for actual patient triage or entered into clinical records.

Descripción general del estudio

Estado

Aún no reclutando

Condiciones

Intervención / Tratamiento

Descripción detallada

The study will develop a traceable TTAS rule knowledge base and evaluate a decision support prototype in simulated emergency triage. A language-processing component identifies candidate complaints, vital signs, and modifiers from standardized case narratives. A deterministic rules engine generates a suggested TTAS level, matched rules, prompts for additional information, and a draft note. Nurses retain final decision authority. Three balanced case sets of 50 de-identified cases will be prepared from retrospective emergency data. At least two experienced emergency physicians or triage nursing experts will independently establish the reference TTAS level; disagreements will be adjudicated by a third blinded expert. Participants will be stratified by clinical experience and site and assigned to one of six condition sequences. Each participant completes all three conditions with different case sets and a 7- to 14-day interval between periods. The sham interface resembles the active interface but provides suggestions that are not based on the individual case, allowing assessment of automation bias. Analysis will account for study condition, period, sequence, case set, participant experience, case acuity, and repeated observations within participants and cases. This is a simulation study; no decision support output is used in care of real patients.

Tipo de estudio

Intervencionista

Inscripción (Estimado)

30

Fase

  • No aplica

Contactos y Ubicaciones

Esta sección proporciona los datos de contacto de quienes realizan el estudio e información sobre dónde se lleva a cabo este estudio.

Estudio Contacto

Criterios de participación

Los investigadores buscan personas que se ajusten a una determinada descripción, denominada criterio de elegibilidad. Algunos ejemplos de estos criterios son el estado de salud general de una persona o tratamientos previos.

Criterio de elegibilidad

Edades elegibles para estudiar

18 años y mayores (Adulto, Adulto Mayor)

Acepta Voluntarios Saludables

Sí

Géneros elegibles para el estudio

Todos

Descripción

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18 years or older.
  • Able to read Chinese and use the study computer platform.
  • Prior emergency triage training or practical emergency triage experience.
  • Willing to provide written informed consent and complete the planned case assessments.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Unable to provide valid informed consent.
  • Unable to perform basic operations on the study platform or to follow the study schedule.
  • Involved in developing the study system or aware of details distinguishing active from sham assistance in a way that could compromise masking.

Plan de estudios

Esta sección proporciona detalles del plan de estudio, incluido cómo está diseñado el estudio y qué mide el estudio.

¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?

Detalles de diseño

  • Propósito principal: Investigación de servicios de salud
  • Asignación: Aleatorizado
  • Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación cruzada
  • Enmascaramiento: Único

Armas e Intervenciones

Grupo de participantes/brazo
Intervención / Tratamiento
Sin intervención: Sequence A[BC]

Period 1: unassisted triage (A); and then Period 2: active TTAS decision support (B); Period 3: sham assistance (C). Each period includes 50 different standardized cases.

Period 2: sham assistance (C); Period 3: active TTAS decision support (B). Each period includes 50 different standardized cases.

Comparador activo: Sequence B[AC]

Period 1: active TTAS decision support (B); and then Period 2: unassisted triage (A); Period 3: sham assistance (C). Each period includes 50 different standardized cases.

Period 2: sham assistance (C); Period 3: unassisted triage (A). Each period includes 50 different standardized cases.

During review of 50 standardized cases, a research-only interface displays candidate presenting complaints, matched TTAS rules, a suggested triage level, prompts for missing information, and a draft triage note. The nurse makes the final decision.

Comparador de placebos: Sequence C[AB]

Period 1: sham assistance (C); and then Period 2: unassisted triage (A); Period 3: active TTAS decision support (B). Each period includes 50 different standardized cases.

Period 2: active TTAS decision support (B); Period 3: unassisted triage (A). Each period includes 50 different standardized cases.

During review of 50 standardized cases, an interface resembling the active system displays non-case-specific or distribution-matched suggestions. These suggestions are for simulation only and are not used in patient care.

¿Qué mide el estudio?

Medidas de resultado primarias

Medida de resultado
Medida Descripción
Periodo de tiempo
Exact agreement with expert TTAS reference standard
Periodo de tiempo: During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.

Percentage of completed case assessments for which the nurse's final five-level TTAS assignment exactly matches the adjudicated expert reference level, evaluated separately under each condition.

During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.
Active time to complete 50 case assessments
Periodo de tiempo: During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.

Total active time in minutes required to complete the 50-case set in each condition, excluding recorded breaks and system interruptions. The analysis of incomplete sets must be specified before enrollment.

During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.
Safety-Adjusted Efficiency Score
Periodo de tiempo: During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.

Prespecified score combining TTAS accuracy and speed. The approved protocol assigns 1.0 for exact agreement, 0.8 or 0.6 for overtriage by one or two levels, 0.4 for undertriage by one level, and 0 for undertriage by two or more levels, with additional penalties for undertriage of Level 1-2 cases. The exact high-acuity penalty, time component, aggregation, score range, and handling of missing cases require final specification before submission.

During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.

Medidas de resultado secundarias

Medida de resultado
Medida Descripción
Periodo de tiempo
Sensitivity for high-acuity cases (TTAS Levels 1-2)
Periodo de tiempo: During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.

Proportion of expert-reference Level 1-2 cases assigned Level 1 or 2 by the nurse under each condition.

During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.
Undertriage rate
Periodo de tiempo: During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.

Percentage of completed case assessments in which the nurse's final TTAS level indicates lower urgency than the expert reference standard; severe undertriage will be reported separately according to the prespecified threshold.

During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.
Overtriage rate
Periodo de tiempo: During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.

Percentage of completed case assessments in which the nurse's final TTAS level indicates higher urgency than the expert reference standard.

During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.
Acceptance of incorrect suggestions in the sham condition
Periodo de tiempo: During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.

Percentage of sham-assisted cases in which an incorrect displayed recommendation is accepted in the nurse's final TTAS decision; denominator and incorrectness criteria to be prespecified.

During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.

Colaboradores e Investigadores

Aquí es donde encontrará personas y organizaciones involucradas en este estudio.

Patrocinador

Fechas de registro del estudio

Estas fechas rastrean el progreso del registro del estudio y los envíos de resultados resumidos a ClinicalTrials.gov. Los registros del estudio y los resultados informados son revisados ​​por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) para asegurarse de que cumplan con los estándares de control de calidad específicos antes de publicarlos en el sitio web público.

Fechas importantes del estudio

Inicio del estudio (Estimado)

1 de enero de 2027

Finalización primaria (Estimado)

31 de diciembre de 2027

Finalización del estudio (Estimado)

31 de diciembre de 2027

Fechas de registro del estudio

Enviado por primera vez

8 de noviembre de 2026

Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad

8 de noviembre de 2026

Publicado por primera vez (Actual)

13 de noviembre de 2026

Actualizaciones de registros de estudio

Última actualización publicada (Actual)

13 de noviembre de 2026

Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad

8 de noviembre de 2026

Última verificación

1 de octubre de 2026

Más información

Términos relacionados con este estudio

Otros números de identificación del estudio

  • 202608042RIND

Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)

¿Planea compartir datos de participantes individuales (IPD)?

NO

Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio

Estudia un producto farmacéutico regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.

No

Estudia un producto de dispositivo regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.

No

Esta información se obtuvo directamente del sitio web clinicaltrials.gov sin cambios. Si tiene alguna solicitud para cambiar, eliminar o actualizar los detalles de su estudio, comuníquese con register@clinicaltrials.gov. Tan pronto como se implemente un cambio en clinicaltrials.gov, también se actualizará automáticamente en nuestro sitio web. .