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Decision Support for Simulated Emergency Triage by Nurses: A Randomized Crossover Study

8 de novembro de 2026 atualizado por: National Taiwan University Hospital

Development, Validation, and Human-AI Collaboration Evaluation of a Taiwan Triage and Acuity Scale Decision Support System

This randomized, three-period crossover study will evaluate a Taiwan Triage and Acuity Scale (TTAS) decision support system in a controlled simulation. Thirty nurses with emergency triage training or experience will each assess three different sets of 50 standardized, de-identified emergency cases. The three study conditions are unassisted triage, case-specific TTAS decision support, and a sham assistance interface. The order of conditions will be randomized, with 7 to 14 days between study periods. The main outcomes are agreement between nurses' final TTAS levels and an expert reference standard, active time needed to assess 50 cases, and a prespecified safety-adjusted efficiency score. Additional outcomes include undertriage, overtriage, workload, usability, and responses to misleading advice. The system will not be used for actual patient triage or entered into clinical records.

Visão geral do estudo

Status

Ainda não está recrutando

Condições

Intervenção / Tratamento

Descrição detalhada

The study will develop a traceable TTAS rule knowledge base and evaluate a decision support prototype in simulated emergency triage. A language-processing component identifies candidate complaints, vital signs, and modifiers from standardized case narratives. A deterministic rules engine generates a suggested TTAS level, matched rules, prompts for additional information, and a draft note. Nurses retain final decision authority. Three balanced case sets of 50 de-identified cases will be prepared from retrospective emergency data. At least two experienced emergency physicians or triage nursing experts will independently establish the reference TTAS level; disagreements will be adjudicated by a third blinded expert. Participants will be stratified by clinical experience and site and assigned to one of six condition sequences. Each participant completes all three conditions with different case sets and a 7- to 14-day interval between periods. The sham interface resembles the active interface but provides suggestions that are not based on the individual case, allowing assessment of automation bias. Analysis will account for study condition, period, sequence, case set, participant experience, case acuity, and repeated observations within participants and cases. This is a simulation study; no decision support output is used in care of real patients.

Tipo de estudo

Intervencional

Inscrição (Estimado)

30

Estágio

  • Não aplicável

Contactos e Locais

Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.

Contato de estudo

Critérios de participação

Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.

Critérios de elegibilidade

Idades elegíveis para estudo

18 anos e mais velhos (Adulto, Adulto mais velho)

Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis

Sim

Gêneros Elegíveis para o Estudo

Tudo

Descrição

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18 years or older.
  • Able to read Chinese and use the study computer platform.
  • Prior emergency triage training or practical emergency triage experience.
  • Willing to provide written informed consent and complete the planned case assessments.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Unable to provide valid informed consent.
  • Unable to perform basic operations on the study platform or to follow the study schedule.
  • Involved in developing the study system or aware of details distinguishing active from sham assistance in a way that could compromise masking.

Plano de estudo

Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.

Como o estudo é projetado?

Detalhes do projeto

  • Finalidade Principal: Pesquisa de serviços de saúde
  • Alocação: Randomizado
  • Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição cruzada
  • Mascaramento: Solteiro

Armas e Intervenções

Grupo de Participantes / Braço
Intervenção / Tratamento
Sem intervenção: Sequence A[BC]

Period 1: unassisted triage (A); and then Period 2: active TTAS decision support (B); Period 3: sham assistance (C). Each period includes 50 different standardized cases.

Period 2: sham assistance (C); Period 3: active TTAS decision support (B). Each period includes 50 different standardized cases.

Comparador Ativo: Sequence B[AC]

Period 1: active TTAS decision support (B); and then Period 2: unassisted triage (A); Period 3: sham assistance (C). Each period includes 50 different standardized cases.

Period 2: sham assistance (C); Period 3: unassisted triage (A). Each period includes 50 different standardized cases.

During review of 50 standardized cases, a research-only interface displays candidate presenting complaints, matched TTAS rules, a suggested triage level, prompts for missing information, and a draft triage note. The nurse makes the final decision.

Comparador de Placebo: Sequence C[AB]

Period 1: sham assistance (C); and then Period 2: unassisted triage (A); Period 3: active TTAS decision support (B). Each period includes 50 different standardized cases.

Period 2: active TTAS decision support (B); Period 3: unassisted triage (A). Each period includes 50 different standardized cases.

During review of 50 standardized cases, an interface resembling the active system displays non-case-specific or distribution-matched suggestions. These suggestions are for simulation only and are not used in patient care.

O que o estudo está medindo?

Medidas de resultados primários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Exact agreement with expert TTAS reference standard
Prazo: During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.

Percentage of completed case assessments for which the nurse's final five-level TTAS assignment exactly matches the adjudicated expert reference level, evaluated separately under each condition.

During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.
Active time to complete 50 case assessments
Prazo: During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.

Total active time in minutes required to complete the 50-case set in each condition, excluding recorded breaks and system interruptions. The analysis of incomplete sets must be specified before enrollment.

During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.
Safety-Adjusted Efficiency Score
Prazo: During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.

Prespecified score combining TTAS accuracy and speed. The approved protocol assigns 1.0 for exact agreement, 0.8 or 0.6 for overtriage by one or two levels, 0.4 for undertriage by one level, and 0 for undertriage by two or more levels, with additional penalties for undertriage of Level 1-2 cases. The exact high-acuity penalty, time component, aggregation, score range, and handling of missing cases require final specification before submission.

During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.

Medidas de resultados secundários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Sensitivity for high-acuity cases (TTAS Levels 1-2)
Prazo: During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.

Proportion of expert-reference Level 1-2 cases assigned Level 1 or 2 by the nurse under each condition.

During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.
Undertriage rate
Prazo: During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.

Percentage of completed case assessments in which the nurse's final TTAS level indicates lower urgency than the expert reference standard; severe undertriage will be reported separately according to the prespecified threshold.

During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.
Overtriage rate
Prazo: During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.

Percentage of completed case assessments in which the nurse's final TTAS level indicates higher urgency than the expert reference standard.

During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.
Acceptance of incorrect suggestions in the sham condition
Prazo: During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.

Percentage of sham-assisted cases in which an incorrect displayed recommendation is accepted in the nurse's final TTAS decision; denominator and incorrectness criteria to be prespecified.

During each of three approximately 60-minute study periods, separated by 7-14 days; up to approximately 4 weeks per participant.

Colaboradores e Investigadores

É aqui que você encontrará pessoas e organizações envolvidas com este estudo.

Patrocinador

Datas de registro do estudo

Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados ​​pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.

Datas Principais do Estudo

Início do estudo (Estimado)

1 de janeiro de 2027

Conclusão Primária (Estimado)

31 de dezembro de 2027

Conclusão do estudo (Estimado)

31 de dezembro de 2027

Datas de inscrição no estudo

Enviado pela primeira vez

8 de novembro de 2026

Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ

8 de novembro de 2026

Primeira postagem (Real)

13 de novembro de 2026

Atualizações de registro de estudo

Última Atualização Postada (Real)

13 de novembro de 2026

Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade

8 de novembro de 2026

Última verificação

1 de outubro de 2026

Mais Informações

Termos relacionados a este estudo

Outros números de identificação do estudo

  • 202608042RIND

Plano para dados de participantes individuais (IPD)

Planeja compartilhar dados de participantes individuais (IPD)?

NÃO

Informações sobre medicamentos e dispositivos, documentos de estudo

Estuda um medicamento regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Estuda um produto de dispositivo regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

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