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Effects of Different High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols on Physiological and Skeletal Muscle Adaptations in Healthy Young Men

4 november 2026 bijgewerkt door: Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport

This study investigated the effects of different high-intensity interval training protocols on physical fitness and physiological adaptations in healthy young men.

Participants underwent a two-week exercise training program consisting of six sessions performed three times per week. Four training protocols were investigated, differing in exercise intensity, duration of exercise bouts, and recovery periods.

The primary outcome was the change in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), an indicator of aerobic fitness. Additional assessments included cognitive performance, measured using tests of attention, processing speed, and inhibitory control, as well as selected physiological and skeletal muscle adaptations.

The study aimed to improve understanding of how different high-intensity interval training protocols influence aerobic fitness and other physiological responses over a short training period.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Voltooid

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) are exercise strategies characterized by repeated bouts of vigorous or maximal exercise interspersed with recovery periods. These training approaches may induce physiological adaptations within relatively short intervention periods. However, the effects of different combinations of exercise duration, intensity, and recovery time on aerobic fitness, cognitive performance, and skeletal muscle adaptations require further investigation.

This interventional study examined physiological responses to four cycling-based high-intensity training protocols in healthy young men. Participants completed six training sessions over two weeks, with three sessions performed each week.

The investigated protocols included:

SIT10:1: Repeated 10-second maximal cycling sprints separated by 60-second recovery periods.

SIT10:4: Repeated 10-second maximal cycling sprints separated by 240-second recovery periods.

HIIT90:180: Six 90-second cycling intervals performed at 80% of maximal aerobic power, separated by 180-second passive recovery periods.

Wingate-SIT: Repeated 30-second all-out cycling sprints using a Wingate-based protocol.

The primary outcome was the change in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), assessed using incremental exercise testing before and after the intervention. Additional assessments included cognitive performance using the Stroop Color-Word Test, Trail Making Test, and Digit Span Test, as well as selected measures of exercise performance and skeletal muscle metabolic adaptations.

Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from subsets of participants before and after training to investigate exercise-induced adaptations in muscle tissue. Stored biopsy samples were subsequently used for exploratory proteomic analyses.

The study was designed to characterize short-term physiological and skeletal muscle responses to different high-intensity interval exercise protocols.

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Werkelijk)

50

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studie Locaties

    • Pomeranian
      • Gdansk, Pomeranian, Polen, 80-336
        • Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

18 jaar tot 35 jaar (Volwassen)

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Ja

Geslachten die in aanmerking komen voor studie

Mannelijk

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

Healthy adult males. Physically active individuals. Ability to perform high-intensity cycling exercise. Willingness to participate in the two-week training intervention and complete the required assessments.

Provision of written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

Known cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, or neurological disorders that could affect exercise performance or participant safety.

Musculoskeletal injuries or conditions preventing participation in high-intensity cycling exercise.

Medical contraindications to maximal exercise testing or sprint interval training.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Fundamentele wetenschap
  • Toewijzing: Niet-gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Geen (open label)

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: SIT10:1 - Short-Recovery Sprint Interval Training

Participants completed a two-week cycling sprint interval training program comprising six sessions (three sessions per week). The protocol involved repeated 10-second maximal cycling sprints separated by 60-second recovery intervals.

A two-week cycling sprint interval training intervention consisting of six sessions performed three times per week. Participants performed repeated 10-second maximal cycling sprints interspersed with 60-second recovery intervals.

Experimenteel: SIT10:4 - Long-Recovery Sprint Interval Training

Participants completed a two-week cycling sprint interval training program comprising six sessions (three sessions per week). The protocol involved repeated 10-second maximal cycling sprints separated by 240-second recovery intervals.

A two-week cycling sprint interval training intervention consisting of six sessions performed three times per week. Participants performed repeated 10-second maximal cycling sprints interspersed with 240-second recovery intervals.

Experimenteel: HIIT90:180 - High-Intensity Interval Training

Participants completed a two-week high-intensity interval cycling program consisting of six supervised training sessions (three sessions per week). Each session included six 90-second cycling bouts performed at 80% of maximal aerobic power, separated by 180-second passive recovery intervals. Exercise cadence was maintained at approximately 60 revolutions per minute.

A two-week cycling high-intensity interval training intervention comprising six supervised sessions performed three times per week. Each session consisted of six 90-second exercise bouts at 80% of maximal aerobic power, separated by 180-second passive recovery intervals. Cycling cadence was approximately 60 revolutions per minute.

Experimenteel: Wingate-SIT - Wingate-Based Sprint Interval Training

Participants completed a two-week sprint interval training program comprising six cycling sessions (three sessions per week). The intervention consisted of repeated 30-second all-out cycling sprints performed using a Wingate-based protocol, with recovery periods between successive efforts.

A two-week cycling sprint interval training intervention comprising six sessions performed three times per week. Participants performed repeated 30-second all-out cycling sprints using a Wingate-based protocol, with recovery intervals between successive sprints.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Change in Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and after the 2-week training intervention

Change in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), expressed in mL/kg/min, assessed using an incremental exercise test before and after the two-week training intervention.

Baseline and after the 2-week training intervention

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Change in Cognitive Performance
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and after the 2-week training intervention

Changes in cognitive performance assessed using the Stroop Color-Word Test (inhibitory control), Trail Making Test (processing speed and executive function), and Digit Span Test (working memory), before and after the two-week training intervention.

Baseline and after the 2-week training intervention
Change in Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Enzyme Activity
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and after the 2-week training intervention

Changes in skeletal muscle oxidative enzyme activity assessed in biopsy samples collected before and after the two-week training intervention. Muscle biopsies were performed in a subset of participants who provided additional informed consent for the procedure.

Baseline and after the 2-week training intervention

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

10 februari 2013

Primaire voltooiing (Werkelijk)

17 april 2018

Studie voltooiing (Werkelijk)

30 december 2018

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

4 november 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

4 november 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

9 november 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

9 november 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

4 november 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 november 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • AWFiS/2026_5_RL

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

NEE

Beschrijving IPD-plan

Individual participant data will not be made publicly available due to participant confidentiality considerations and the absence of a data-sharing plan in the original study protocol.

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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