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Effects of Different High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols on Physiological and Skeletal Muscle Adaptations in Healthy Young Men

4 de novembro de 2026 atualizado por: Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport

This study investigated the effects of different high-intensity interval training protocols on physical fitness and physiological adaptations in healthy young men.

Participants underwent a two-week exercise training program consisting of six sessions performed three times per week. Four training protocols were investigated, differing in exercise intensity, duration of exercise bouts, and recovery periods.

The primary outcome was the change in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), an indicator of aerobic fitness. Additional assessments included cognitive performance, measured using tests of attention, processing speed, and inhibitory control, as well as selected physiological and skeletal muscle adaptations.

The study aimed to improve understanding of how different high-intensity interval training protocols influence aerobic fitness and other physiological responses over a short training period.

Visão geral do estudo

Status

Concluído

Condições

Intervenção / Tratamento

Descrição detalhada

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) are exercise strategies characterized by repeated bouts of vigorous or maximal exercise interspersed with recovery periods. These training approaches may induce physiological adaptations within relatively short intervention periods. However, the effects of different combinations of exercise duration, intensity, and recovery time on aerobic fitness, cognitive performance, and skeletal muscle adaptations require further investigation.

This interventional study examined physiological responses to four cycling-based high-intensity training protocols in healthy young men. Participants completed six training sessions over two weeks, with three sessions performed each week.

The investigated protocols included:

SIT10:1: Repeated 10-second maximal cycling sprints separated by 60-second recovery periods.

SIT10:4: Repeated 10-second maximal cycling sprints separated by 240-second recovery periods.

HIIT90:180: Six 90-second cycling intervals performed at 80% of maximal aerobic power, separated by 180-second passive recovery periods.

Wingate-SIT: Repeated 30-second all-out cycling sprints using a Wingate-based protocol.

The primary outcome was the change in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), assessed using incremental exercise testing before and after the intervention. Additional assessments included cognitive performance using the Stroop Color-Word Test, Trail Making Test, and Digit Span Test, as well as selected measures of exercise performance and skeletal muscle metabolic adaptations.

Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from subsets of participants before and after training to investigate exercise-induced adaptations in muscle tissue. Stored biopsy samples were subsequently used for exploratory proteomic analyses.

The study was designed to characterize short-term physiological and skeletal muscle responses to different high-intensity interval exercise protocols.

Tipo de estudo

Intervencional

Inscrição (Real)

50

Estágio

  • Não aplicável

Contactos e Locais

Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.

Locais de estudo

    • Pomeranian
      • Gdansk, Pomeranian, Polônia, 80-336
        • Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport

Critérios de participação

Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.

Critérios de elegibilidade

Idades elegíveis para estudo

18 anos a 35 anos (Adulto)

Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis

Sim

Gêneros Elegíveis para o Estudo

Macho

Descrição

Inclusion Criteria:

Healthy adult males. Physically active individuals. Ability to perform high-intensity cycling exercise. Willingness to participate in the two-week training intervention and complete the required assessments.

Provision of written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

Known cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, or neurological disorders that could affect exercise performance or participant safety.

Musculoskeletal injuries or conditions preventing participation in high-intensity cycling exercise.

Medical contraindications to maximal exercise testing or sprint interval training.

Plano de estudo

Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.

Como o estudo é projetado?

Detalhes do projeto

  • Finalidade Principal: Ciência básica
  • Alocação: Não randomizado
  • Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição Paralela
  • Mascaramento: Nenhum (rótulo aberto)

Armas e Intervenções

Grupo de Participantes / Braço
Intervenção / Tratamento
Experimental: SIT10:1 - Short-Recovery Sprint Interval Training

Participants completed a two-week cycling sprint interval training program comprising six sessions (three sessions per week). The protocol involved repeated 10-second maximal cycling sprints separated by 60-second recovery intervals.

A two-week cycling sprint interval training intervention consisting of six sessions performed three times per week. Participants performed repeated 10-second maximal cycling sprints interspersed with 60-second recovery intervals.

Experimental: SIT10:4 - Long-Recovery Sprint Interval Training

Participants completed a two-week cycling sprint interval training program comprising six sessions (three sessions per week). The protocol involved repeated 10-second maximal cycling sprints separated by 240-second recovery intervals.

A two-week cycling sprint interval training intervention consisting of six sessions performed three times per week. Participants performed repeated 10-second maximal cycling sprints interspersed with 240-second recovery intervals.

Experimental: HIIT90:180 - High-Intensity Interval Training

Participants completed a two-week high-intensity interval cycling program consisting of six supervised training sessions (three sessions per week). Each session included six 90-second cycling bouts performed at 80% of maximal aerobic power, separated by 180-second passive recovery intervals. Exercise cadence was maintained at approximately 60 revolutions per minute.

A two-week cycling high-intensity interval training intervention comprising six supervised sessions performed three times per week. Each session consisted of six 90-second exercise bouts at 80% of maximal aerobic power, separated by 180-second passive recovery intervals. Cycling cadence was approximately 60 revolutions per minute.

Experimental: Wingate-SIT - Wingate-Based Sprint Interval Training

Participants completed a two-week sprint interval training program comprising six cycling sessions (three sessions per week). The intervention consisted of repeated 30-second all-out cycling sprints performed using a Wingate-based protocol, with recovery periods between successive efforts.

A two-week cycling sprint interval training intervention comprising six sessions performed three times per week. Participants performed repeated 30-second all-out cycling sprints using a Wingate-based protocol, with recovery intervals between successive sprints.

O que o estudo está medindo?

Medidas de resultados primários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Change in Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max)
Prazo: Baseline and after the 2-week training intervention

Change in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), expressed in mL/kg/min, assessed using an incremental exercise test before and after the two-week training intervention.

Baseline and after the 2-week training intervention

Medidas de resultados secundários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Change in Cognitive Performance
Prazo: Baseline and after the 2-week training intervention

Changes in cognitive performance assessed using the Stroop Color-Word Test (inhibitory control), Trail Making Test (processing speed and executive function), and Digit Span Test (working memory), before and after the two-week training intervention.

Baseline and after the 2-week training intervention
Change in Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Enzyme Activity
Prazo: Baseline and after the 2-week training intervention

Changes in skeletal muscle oxidative enzyme activity assessed in biopsy samples collected before and after the two-week training intervention. Muscle biopsies were performed in a subset of participants who provided additional informed consent for the procedure.

Baseline and after the 2-week training intervention

Colaboradores e Investigadores

É aqui que você encontrará pessoas e organizações envolvidas com este estudo.

Patrocinador

Datas de registro do estudo

Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados ​​pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.

Datas Principais do Estudo

Início do estudo (Real)

10 de fevereiro de 2013

Conclusão Primária (Real)

17 de abril de 2018

Conclusão do estudo (Real)

30 de dezembro de 2018

Datas de inscrição no estudo

Enviado pela primeira vez

4 de novembro de 2026

Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ

4 de novembro de 2026

Primeira postagem (Real)

9 de novembro de 2026

Atualizações de registro de estudo

Última Atualização Postada (Real)

9 de novembro de 2026

Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade

4 de novembro de 2026

Última verificação

1 de novembro de 2026

Mais Informações

Termos relacionados a este estudo

Outros números de identificação do estudo

  • AWFiS/2026_5_RL

Plano para dados de participantes individuais (IPD)

Planeja compartilhar dados de participantes individuais (IPD)?

NÃO

Descrição do plano IPD

Individual participant data will not be made publicly available due to participant confidentiality considerations and the absence of a data-sharing plan in the original study protocol.

Informações sobre medicamentos e dispositivos, documentos de estudo

Estuda um medicamento regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Estuda um produto de dispositivo regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Essas informações foram obtidas diretamente do site clinicaltrials.gov sem nenhuma alteração. Se você tiver alguma solicitação para alterar, remover ou atualizar os detalhes do seu estudo, entre em contato com register@clinicaltrials.gov. Assim que uma alteração for implementada em clinicaltrials.gov, ela também será atualizada automaticamente em nosso site .