Omega Tots Langtidsoppfølging

Eksperimentell: Dokosaheksaensyre + arachidonsyre

Dokosaheksaensyre + arachidonsyre (DHA+AA)

Legemiddel: Dokosaheksaensyre + arachidonsyre (DHA+AA)

200 mg DHA+ 200 mg AA per dag i 6 måneder

Placebo komparator: Placebo

Maisoljetilskudd

Kosttilskudd: Placebo

400 mg maisolje per dag i 6 måneder

Generell kognitiv evnepoeng (Differensial Ability Scales, Second Edition-DAS-II)

Differensiell evneskala-II Generell konseptuell evnevurdering er et mål på generell kognitiv evne og brukes til å vurdere og identifisere barns kognitive styrker og svakheter. Den generelle kognitive evneskåren har et område fra 30 til 170 (gjennomsnitt=100; SD=15). En lav poengsum indikerer dårlig ytelse, og en høy poengsum indikerer best ytelse.

Executive Function (NIH Toolbox)

NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery er et flerdimensjonalt sett med korte tiltak som vurderer kognitiv funksjon. Undertestene Flanker, Dimensional Card Sort og Pattern Comparison måler eksekutiv funksjon, prosesseringshastighet og oppmerksomhet. Standardpoeng har et område fra 30 til 170 (gjennomsnitt=100; SD=15). En lav poengsum indikerer dårlig ytelse, og en høy poengsum indikerer best ytelse.

Core Language Score (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fifth Edition-CELF-5)

Clinical evaluation of Language Fundamentals, 5th edition core tests is a comprehensive measure of language and can assess children's written and oral language skills, as well as their reading comprehension. The core language score has a range from 30 to 170 (mean=100; SD=15). A low score indicates poor performance, and a high score indicates best performance.

Grooved Pegboard Task

Oppgaven Grooved Pegboard måler øye-hånd-koordinasjon og motorhastighet ved å kreve at barn setter inn knagger i et brett. Poengsummen er tiden for å plassere tappene. Hvis barnet når tidsgrensen på 3 minutter, er poengsummen antall knagger plassert. En raskere tid og lavere antall knagger som slippes, indikerer bedre ytelse.

Antropometri - fett

For å vurdere barns fettinnhold brukes en bioelektrisk impedans for å måle kroppsfettprosent. Barnets høyde og vekt vil bli kombinert for å rapportere BMI (kg/m^2). Disse målingene er konvertert til en z-score for alder og kjønn basert på Child Growth Standards fra Verdens helseorganisasjon. z-skåren indikerer antall standardavvik fra gjennomsnittet. En z-score på 0 er lik gjennomsnittet av en referansepopulasjon (barn av samme alder og kjønn). Verdier mindre enn 0 indikerer verdier lavere enn referansepopulasjonen, mens verdier større enn 0 indikerer verdier høyere enn referansepopulasjonen.

NIH Toolbox Friendship Fixed Form

NIH Toolbox Friendship (Alder 8-17) Fixed Form er et 5-elements spørreskjema som måler jevnaldrende relasjoner og vurderer kvaliteten på relasjoner med venner og andre bekjente den siste måneden. Poeng vil bli uttrykt som en t-score (område= [16-68]; gjennomsnitt=50; SD=10), der en høyere poengsum indikerer sterkere jevnaldrende relasjoner.

NIH Toolbox Positive Peer Interaction Parent Report Fixed Form

NIH Toolbox Positive Peer Interaction Form (Alder 3-12) er et 4-elements spørreskjema som måler barns jevnaldrende relasjoner via foreldrerapport. Poeng vil bli uttrykt som en t-score (område= [-8-63] ; gjennomsnitt=50; SD=10), der en høyere poengsum indikerer sterkere jevnaldrende relasjoner.

Select Subtest From the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V)

The Weschler Intelligence Scales for Children-V Digit Span and Picture Span subtests assess working memory. The working memory index composite score has a range from 30-170 (mean=100; SD=15). A low score indicates poor performance, and a high score indicates best performance.

Select Subtests From the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, Third Edition (KTEA-3)

The Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement-3 is an assessment of key academic skills. The Letter and Word Recognition, Math Computation, Object Naming Facility, and Associative Fluency Subtests measure children's reading, math, and written language skills. The standard score has a range from 30-170 (mean=100; SD=15). A low score indicates poor performance, and a high score indicates best performance.

Anthropometrics-Body Composition (Height)

To assess children's body composition, height (in centimeters) is measured. This is converted to a z score for age and sex based on Child Growth Standards from the World Health Organization. The z score indicates the number of standard deviations away from the mean. A z score of 0 is equal to the mean of a reference population (children the same age and sex). Values less than 0 indicate values lower than the reference population, while values greater than 0 indicate values higher than the reference population.

Anthropometrics-Body Composition (Weight)

To assess children's body composition, weight (in kilograms) is measured. This is converted to a z score for age and sex based on Child Growth Standards from the World Health Organization. The z score indicates the number of standard deviations away from the mean. A z score of 0 is equal to the mean of a reference population (children the same age and sex). Values less than 0 indicate values lower than the reference population, while values greater than 0 indicate values higher than the reference population.

Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, 2nd Edition (BRIEF-2)

The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, 2nd ed., is completed by the child's caregiver and teacher to measure a range of executive functioning capabilities in children. The BRIEF-2 yields nine clinical scales that measure various aspects of executive function plus three broad indices: behavioral regulation, emotion regulation, and cognitive regulation. Scores are summed to obtain a Global Executive Composite Score that will be expressed as a t score (range= [35-90]; (mean=50; SD=10), where a higher score indicates greater dysregulation .

Select Subscales From the Teacher Report Form 6-18

The Teacher Report Form (syndrome and DSM-Oriented subscales) is completed by the child's teacher to reflect on the child's behavior in the previous six months. Scores are summed to provide a total problems score. Scores are also computed to measure the following subscales: internalizing problems, externalizing problems, anxious/depressed, withdrawn/depressed, somatic complaints, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, rule-breaking behavior, aggression behavior, affective problems, anxiety problems, somatic problems, attention deficit/hyperactivity problems, oppositional defiant problems, conduct problems. Scores will be expressed as a t-score (range= [33-100]; mean=50; SD=10), where a lower score indicates a more optimal outcome.

Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL) - Competence

The Child Behavior Checklist is completed by the child' caregiver to reflect their child's behavior in the previous six months. Scores were summed to provide total competence score. Total competence scores will be expressed as a t-score (range= [20-100]; mean=50; SD=10), where a higher score reflects a more optimal outcome.

National Survey of Children's Health Module - Learning Disability

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

Emotion Regulation Checklist - Emotion Regulation

The Emotion Regulation Checklist is completed by the child's caregiver to measure child's ability to manage their emotions. Scores are grouped and summed to yield Emotion Regulation scale (range=10-40). Higher scores on the Emotion Regulation scale indicates more ability to regulate

Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire-abbreviated Measure

The Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire-abbreviated measures child sleep pattern and behaviors via parent report. Parents are asked to report on the child's bedtime behavior, sleep duration, and behavior during sleep. Scores are summed to give the total sleep disturbance score (range 33-99). Scores are also grouped and summed to yield eight subscales that measure different aspects of sleep. A higher score is indicative of more sleep problems .

Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL) - Problems

The Child Behavior Checklist is completed by the child' caregiver to reflect their child's behavior in the previous six months. Scores were summed to provide problem scores. T Problem scores will be expressed as a t-score (range= [25,100]; mean=50; SD=10), where a lower score reflects a more optimal outcome.

National Survey of Children's Health Module - Developmental Delay

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

National Survey of Children's Health Module - INtellectual Disability

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

National Survey of Children's Health Module - Speech or Other Language Disorder

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

National Survey of Children's Health Module - Behavioral or Conduct Problems

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

Emotion Regulation Checklist - Lability/Negativity

The Emotion Regulation Checklist is completed by the child's caregiver to measure child's ability to manage their emotions. Scores are grouped and summed to yield a Lability/Negativity (range=14-56) scale. Higher scores on the Lability/Negativity scale reflect greater dysregulation .