Omega Tots follow-up op lange termijn

Experimenteel: Docosahexaeenzuur + Arachidonzuur

Docosahexaeenzuur + arachidonzuur (DHA+AA)

Geneesmiddel: Docosahexaeenzuur + arachidonzuur (DHA+AA)

200 mg DHA + 200 mg AA per dag gedurende 6 maanden

Placebo-vergelijker: Placebo

Maïsolie supplement

Voedingssupplement: Placebo

400 mg maïsolie per dag gedurende 6 maanden

Algemene cognitieve vaardigheidsscore (differentiële vaardigheidsschalen, tweede editie-DAS-II)

Differential Ability Scales-II General Conceptual Ability assessment is een maatstaf voor algemene cognitieve vaardigheden en wordt gebruikt om de cognitieve sterke en zwakke punten van kinderen te beoordelen en te identificeren. De algemene cognitieve vaardigheidsscore heeft een bereik van 30 tot 170 (gemiddelde = 100; SD = 15). Een lage score duidt op een slechte prestatie en een hoge score op de beste prestatie.

Uitvoerende functie (NIH Toolbox)

De NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery is een multidimensionale reeks korte metingen die de cognitieve functie beoordelen. De subtests Flanker, Dimensional Card Sort en Pattern Comparison meten executieve functies, verwerkingssnelheid en aandacht. Standaardscores hebben een bereik van 30 tot 170 (gemiddelde=100; SD=15). Een lage score duidt op een slechte prestatie en een hoge score op de beste prestatie.

Core Language Score (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fifth Edition-CELF-5)

Clinical evaluation of Language Fundamentals, 5th edition core tests is a comprehensive measure of language and can assess children's written and oral language skills, as well as their reading comprehension. The core language score has a range from 30 to 170 (mean=100; SD=15). A low score indicates poor performance, and a high score indicates best performance.

Gegroefde Pegboard-taak

De gegroefde prikbordtaak meet oog-handcoördinatie en motorsnelheid door kinderen te vragen pinnen in een bord te steken. De score is de tijd om de pinnen te plaatsen. Als het kind de tijdslimiet van 3 minuten bereikt, dan is de score het aantal geplaatste pinnen. Een snellere tijd en een lager aantal gedropte pegs is een indicatie van betere prestaties.

Antropometrie-vetzucht

Om de obesitas van kinderen te beoordelen, wordt een bio-elektrische impedantie gebruikt om het percentage lichaamsvet te meten. De lengte en het gewicht van het kind worden gecombineerd om de BMI (kg/m^2) te rapporteren. Deze metingen worden omgezet naar een z-score voor leeftijd en geslacht op basis van Child Growth Standards van de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie. De z-score geeft het aantal standaarddeviaties aan verwijderd van het gemiddelde. Een z-score van 0 is gelijk aan het gemiddelde van een referentiepopulatie (kinderen van dezelfde leeftijd en hetzelfde geslacht). Waarden kleiner dan 0 geven waarden aan die lager zijn dan de referentiepopulatie, terwijl waarden groter dan 0 waarden aangeven die hoger zijn dan de referentiepopulatie.

NIH Toolbox Vriendschap vast formulier

De NIH Toolbox Friendship (Ages 8-17) Fixed Form is een vragenlijst van 5 items die relaties met leeftijdsgenoten meet en de kwaliteit beoordeelt van relaties met vrienden en andere kennissen in de afgelopen maand. Scores worden uitgedrukt als een t-score (bereik= [16-68]; gemiddelde=50; SD=10), waarbij een hogere score duidt op sterkere relaties met leeftijdsgenoten.

NIH Toolbox Positieve peer-interactie Ouderrapport Vast formulier

Het NIH Toolbox Positive Peer Interaction Form (Leeftijden 3-12) is een vragenlijst met 4 items die de relaties tussen kindgenoten meet via een ouderrapport. Scores worden uitgedrukt als een t-score (bereik= [-8-63] ; gemiddelde=50; SD=10), waarbij een hogere score duidt op sterkere relaties met leeftijdsgenoten.

Select Subtest From the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V)

The Weschler Intelligence Scales for Children-V Digit Span and Picture Span subtests assess working memory. The working memory index composite score has a range from 30-170 (mean=100; SD=15). A low score indicates poor performance, and a high score indicates best performance.

Select Subtests From the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, Third Edition (KTEA-3)

The Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement-3 is an assessment of key academic skills. The Letter and Word Recognition, Math Computation, Object Naming Facility, and Associative Fluency Subtests measure children's reading, math, and written language skills. The standard score has a range from 30-170 (mean=100; SD=15). A low score indicates poor performance, and a high score indicates best performance.

Anthropometrics-Body Composition (Height)

To assess children's body composition, height (in centimeters) is measured. This is converted to a z score for age and sex based on Child Growth Standards from the World Health Organization. The z score indicates the number of standard deviations away from the mean. A z score of 0 is equal to the mean of a reference population (children the same age and sex). Values less than 0 indicate values lower than the reference population, while values greater than 0 indicate values higher than the reference population.

Anthropometrics-Body Composition (Weight)

To assess children's body composition, weight (in kilograms) is measured. This is converted to a z score for age and sex based on Child Growth Standards from the World Health Organization. The z score indicates the number of standard deviations away from the mean. A z score of 0 is equal to the mean of a reference population (children the same age and sex). Values less than 0 indicate values lower than the reference population, while values greater than 0 indicate values higher than the reference population.

Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, 2nd Edition (BRIEF-2)

The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, 2nd ed., is completed by the child's caregiver and teacher to measure a range of executive functioning capabilities in children. The BRIEF-2 yields nine clinical scales that measure various aspects of executive function plus three broad indices: behavioral regulation, emotion regulation, and cognitive regulation. Scores are summed to obtain a Global Executive Composite Score that will be expressed as a t score (range= [35-90]; (mean=50; SD=10), where a higher score indicates greater dysregulation .

Select Subscales From the Teacher Report Form 6-18

The Teacher Report Form (syndrome and DSM-Oriented subscales) is completed by the child's teacher to reflect on the child's behavior in the previous six months. Scores are summed to provide a total problems score. Scores are also computed to measure the following subscales: internalizing problems, externalizing problems, anxious/depressed, withdrawn/depressed, somatic complaints, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, rule-breaking behavior, aggression behavior, affective problems, anxiety problems, somatic problems, attention deficit/hyperactivity problems, oppositional defiant problems, conduct problems. Scores will be expressed as a t-score (range= [33-100]; mean=50; SD=10), where a lower score indicates a more optimal outcome.

Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL) - Competence

The Child Behavior Checklist is completed by the child' caregiver to reflect their child's behavior in the previous six months. Scores were summed to provide total competence score. Total competence scores will be expressed as a t-score (range= [20-100]; mean=50; SD=10), where a higher score reflects a more optimal outcome.

National Survey of Children's Health Module - Learning Disability

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

Emotion Regulation Checklist - Emotion Regulation

The Emotion Regulation Checklist is completed by the child's caregiver to measure child's ability to manage their emotions. Scores are grouped and summed to yield Emotion Regulation scale (range=10-40). Higher scores on the Emotion Regulation scale indicates more ability to regulate

Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire-abbreviated Measure

The Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire-abbreviated measures child sleep pattern and behaviors via parent report. Parents are asked to report on the child's bedtime behavior, sleep duration, and behavior during sleep. Scores are summed to give the total sleep disturbance score (range 33-99). Scores are also grouped and summed to yield eight subscales that measure different aspects of sleep. A higher score is indicative of more sleep problems .

Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL) - Problems

The Child Behavior Checklist is completed by the child' caregiver to reflect their child's behavior in the previous six months. Scores were summed to provide problem scores. T Problem scores will be expressed as a t-score (range= [25,100]; mean=50; SD=10), where a lower score reflects a more optimal outcome.

National Survey of Children's Health Module - Developmental Delay

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

National Survey of Children's Health Module - INtellectual Disability

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

National Survey of Children's Health Module - Speech or Other Language Disorder

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

National Survey of Children's Health Module - Behavioral or Conduct Problems

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

Emotion Regulation Checklist - Lability/Negativity

The Emotion Regulation Checklist is completed by the child's caregiver to measure child's ability to manage their emotions. Scores are grouped and summed to yield a Lability/Negativity (range=14-56) scale. Higher scores on the Lability/Negativity scale reflect greater dysregulation .