Acompanhamento de longo prazo do Omega Tots

Experimental: Ácido Docosahexaenóico + Ácido Araquidônico

Ácido Docosahexaenóico + Ácido Araquidônico (DHA+AA)

Medicamento: Ácido Docosahexaenóico + Ácido Araquidônico (DHA+AA)

200 mg DHA + 200 mg AA por dia durante 6 meses

Comparador de Placebo: Placebo

Suplemento de óleo de milho

Suplemento dietético: Placebo

400 mg de óleo de milho por dia durante 6 meses

Pontuação de Habilidade Cognitiva Geral (Escalas de Habilidade Diferencial, Segunda Edição-DAS-II)

Escalas de Capacidade Diferencial-II A avaliação da Capacidade Conceitual Geral é uma medida da capacidade cognitiva geral e é usada para avaliar e identificar os pontos fortes e fracos cognitivos das crianças. O escore da capacidade cognitiva geral varia de 30 a 170 (média=100; DP=15). Uma pontuação baixa indica desempenho ruim e uma pontuação alta indica melhor desempenho.

Função Executiva (NIH Toolbox)

A bateria de cognição do NIH Toolbox é um conjunto multidimensional de medidas breves que avaliam a função cognitiva. Os subtestes Flanker, Dimensional Card Sort e Pattern Comparison medem a função executiva, a velocidade de processamento e a atenção. Os escores padrão variam de 30 a 170 (média=100; DP=15). Uma pontuação baixa indica desempenho ruim e uma pontuação alta indica melhor desempenho.

Core Language Score (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fifth Edition-CELF-5)

Clinical evaluation of Language Fundamentals, 5th edition core tests is a comprehensive measure of language and can assess children's written and oral language skills, as well as their reading comprehension. The core language score has a range from 30 to 170 (mean=100; SD=15). A low score indicates poor performance, and a high score indicates best performance.

Tarefa Pegboard Ranhurado

A tarefa Grooved Pegboard mede a coordenação olho-mão e a velocidade do motor, exigindo que as crianças insiram pinos em uma placa. A pontuação é a hora de colocar os pinos. Se a criança atingir o limite de tempo de 3 minutos, a pontuação será o número de pinos colocados. Um tempo mais rápido e menor número de pinos derrubados é indicativo de melhor desempenho.

Antropometria-Adiposidade

Para avaliar a adiposidade das crianças, uma impedância bioelétrica é usada para medir o percentual de gordura corporal. A altura e o peso da criança serão combinados para informar o IMC (kg/m^2). Essas medidas são convertidas em uma pontuação z para idade e sexo com base nos Padrões de Crescimento Infantil da Organização Mundial da Saúde. A pontuação z indica o número de desvios padrão da média. Um escore z de 0 é igual à média de uma população de referência (crianças da mesma idade e sexo). Valores menores que 0 indicam valores menores que a população de referência, enquanto valores maiores que 0 indicam valores maiores que a população de referência.

NIH Toolbox Friendship Formulário Fixo

O formulário fixo NIH Toolbox Friendship (Ages 8-17) é um questionário de 5 itens que mede os relacionamentos entre pares e avalia a qualidade dos relacionamentos com amigos e outros conhecidos no último mês. As pontuações serão expressas como uma pontuação t (intervalo = [16-68]; média = 50; SD = 10), onde uma pontuação mais alta indica relacionamentos mais fortes entre pares.

NIH Toolbox Formulário Fixo de Relatório de Interação Positiva entre Pares

O formulário NIH Toolbox Positive Peer Interaction (de 3 a 12 anos) é um questionário de 4 itens que mede as relações entre pares da criança por meio do relatório dos pais. As pontuações serão expressas como uma pontuação t (intervalo = [-8-63] ; média = 50; SD = 10), onde uma pontuação mais alta indica relacionamentos mais fortes entre pares.

Select Subtest From the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V)

The Weschler Intelligence Scales for Children-V Digit Span and Picture Span subtests assess working memory. The working memory index composite score has a range from 30-170 (mean=100; SD=15). A low score indicates poor performance, and a high score indicates best performance.

Select Subtests From the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, Third Edition (KTEA-3)

The Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement-3 is an assessment of key academic skills. The Letter and Word Recognition, Math Computation, Object Naming Facility, and Associative Fluency Subtests measure children's reading, math, and written language skills. The standard score has a range from 30-170 (mean=100; SD=15). A low score indicates poor performance, and a high score indicates best performance.

Anthropometrics-Body Composition (Height)

To assess children's body composition, height (in centimeters) is measured. This is converted to a z score for age and sex based on Child Growth Standards from the World Health Organization. The z score indicates the number of standard deviations away from the mean. A z score of 0 is equal to the mean of a reference population (children the same age and sex). Values less than 0 indicate values lower than the reference population, while values greater than 0 indicate values higher than the reference population.

Anthropometrics-Body Composition (Weight)

To assess children's body composition, weight (in kilograms) is measured. This is converted to a z score for age and sex based on Child Growth Standards from the World Health Organization. The z score indicates the number of standard deviations away from the mean. A z score of 0 is equal to the mean of a reference population (children the same age and sex). Values less than 0 indicate values lower than the reference population, while values greater than 0 indicate values higher than the reference population.

Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, 2nd Edition (BRIEF-2)

The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, 2nd ed., is completed by the child's caregiver and teacher to measure a range of executive functioning capabilities in children. The BRIEF-2 yields nine clinical scales that measure various aspects of executive function plus three broad indices: behavioral regulation, emotion regulation, and cognitive regulation. Scores are summed to obtain a Global Executive Composite Score that will be expressed as a t score (range= [35-90]; (mean=50; SD=10), where a higher score indicates greater dysregulation .

Select Subscales From the Teacher Report Form 6-18

The Teacher Report Form (syndrome and DSM-Oriented subscales) is completed by the child's teacher to reflect on the child's behavior in the previous six months. Scores are summed to provide a total problems score. Scores are also computed to measure the following subscales: internalizing problems, externalizing problems, anxious/depressed, withdrawn/depressed, somatic complaints, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, rule-breaking behavior, aggression behavior, affective problems, anxiety problems, somatic problems, attention deficit/hyperactivity problems, oppositional defiant problems, conduct problems. Scores will be expressed as a t-score (range= [33-100]; mean=50; SD=10), where a lower score indicates a more optimal outcome.

Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL) - Competence

The Child Behavior Checklist is completed by the child' caregiver to reflect their child's behavior in the previous six months. Scores were summed to provide total competence score. Total competence scores will be expressed as a t-score (range= [20-100]; mean=50; SD=10), where a higher score reflects a more optimal outcome.

National Survey of Children's Health Module - Learning Disability

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

Emotion Regulation Checklist - Emotion Regulation

The Emotion Regulation Checklist is completed by the child's caregiver to measure child's ability to manage their emotions. Scores are grouped and summed to yield Emotion Regulation scale (range=10-40). Higher scores on the Emotion Regulation scale indicates more ability to regulate

Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire-abbreviated Measure

The Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire-abbreviated measures child sleep pattern and behaviors via parent report. Parents are asked to report on the child's bedtime behavior, sleep duration, and behavior during sleep. Scores are summed to give the total sleep disturbance score (range 33-99). Scores are also grouped and summed to yield eight subscales that measure different aspects of sleep. A higher score is indicative of more sleep problems .

Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL) - Problems

The Child Behavior Checklist is completed by the child' caregiver to reflect their child's behavior in the previous six months. Scores were summed to provide problem scores. T Problem scores will be expressed as a t-score (range= [25,100]; mean=50; SD=10), where a lower score reflects a more optimal outcome.

National Survey of Children's Health Module - Developmental Delay

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

National Survey of Children's Health Module - INtellectual Disability

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

National Survey of Children's Health Module - Speech or Other Language Disorder

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

National Survey of Children's Health Module - Behavioral or Conduct Problems

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

Emotion Regulation Checklist - Lability/Negativity

The Emotion Regulation Checklist is completed by the child's caregiver to measure child's ability to manage their emotions. Scores are grouped and summed to yield a Lability/Negativity (range=14-56) scale. Higher scores on the Lability/Negativity scale reflect greater dysregulation .