Omega Tots Langzeit-Follow-up

Experimental: Docosahexaensäure + Arachidonsäure

Docosahexaensäure + Arachidonsäure (DHA+AA)

Arzneimittel: Docosahexaensäure + Arachidonsäure (DHA+AA)

200 mg DHA+ 200 mg AA pro Tag für 6 Monate

Placebo-Komparator: Placebo

Maisöl-Ergänzung

Nahrungsergänzungsmittel: Placebo

400 mg Maisöl pro Tag für 6 Monate

Allgemeiner kognitiver Fähigkeitswert (Differential Ability Scales, Second Edition-DAS-II)

Differentielle Fähigkeitsskalen-II Die allgemeine konzeptionelle Fähigkeitsbewertung ist ein Maß für die allgemeine kognitive Fähigkeit und wird verwendet, um die kognitiven Stärken und Schwächen von Kindern zu bewerten und zu identifizieren. Der allgemeine Wert für kognitive Fähigkeiten reicht von 30 bis 170 (Mittelwert = 100; SD = 15). Eine niedrige Punktzahl zeigt eine schlechte Leistung an, und eine hohe Punktzahl zeigt die beste Leistung an.

Exekutivfunktion (NIH-Toolbox)

Die NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery ist ein multidimensionaler Satz kurzer Messungen zur Bewertung der kognitiven Funktion. Die Subtests Flanker, Dimensionskartensortierung und Mustervergleich messen die Exekutivfunktion, die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit und die Aufmerksamkeit. Standardwerte reichen von 30 bis 170 (Mittelwert = 100; SD = 15). Eine niedrige Punktzahl weist auf eine schlechte Leistung hin, eine hohe Punktzahl auf eine beste Leistung.

Core Language Score (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fifth Edition-CELF-5)

Clinical evaluation of Language Fundamentals, 5th edition core tests is a comprehensive measure of language and can assess children's written and oral language skills, as well as their reading comprehension. The core language score has a range from 30 to 170 (mean=100; SD=15). A low score indicates poor performance, and a high score indicates best performance.

Gerillte Pegboard-Aufgabe

Die Aufgabe „Grooved Pegboard“ misst die Auge-Hand-Koordination und die Motorgeschwindigkeit, indem die Kinder Stifte in ein Brett stecken müssen. Die Punktzahl ist die Zeit, um die Stifte zu platzieren. Wenn das Kind das Zeitlimit von 3 Minuten erreicht, ist die Punktzahl die Anzahl der platzierten Stifte. Eine schnellere Zeit und eine geringere Anzahl von heruntergefallenen Stiften weisen auf eine bessere Leistung hin.

Anthropometrie-Adipositas

Um die Adipositas von Kindern zu beurteilen, wird eine bioelektrische Impedanz verwendet, um den Körperfettanteil zu messen. Größe und Gewicht des Kindes werden kombiniert, um den BMI (kg/m^2) zu melden. Diese Messungen werden basierend auf den Child Growth Standards der Weltgesundheitsorganisation in einen Z-Score für Alter und Geschlecht umgewandelt. Der z-Score gibt die Anzahl der Standardabweichungen vom Mittelwert an. Ein z-Score von 0 entspricht dem Mittelwert einer Referenzpopulation (Kinder gleichen Alters und Geschlechts). Werte kleiner als 0 zeigen Werte an, die niedriger sind als die Referenzpopulation, während Werte größer als 0 Werte anzeigen, die höher sind als die Referenzpopulation.

NIH Toolbox Friendship Fixed Form

Die NIH Toolbox Friendship (Ages 8-17) Fixed Form ist ein 5-Punkte-Fragebogen, der die Beziehungen zu Gleichaltrigen misst und die Qualität der Beziehungen zu Freunden und anderen Bekannten im letzten Monat bewertet. Die Ergebnisse werden als T-Wert ausgedrückt (Bereich = [16-68]; Mittelwert = 50; SD = 10), wobei ein höherer Wert auf stärkere Peer-Beziehungen hinweist.

NIH Toolbox Positive Peer Interaction Parent Report Fixed Form

Das NIH Toolbox Positive Peer Interaction Form (Ages 3-12) ist ein 4-Punkte-Fragebogen, der die Peer-Beziehungen von Kindern anhand des Elternberichts misst. Die Ergebnisse werden als t-Wert ausgedrückt (Bereich = [-8-63] ; Mittelwert = 50; SD = 10), wobei ein höherer Wert auf stärkere Peer-Beziehungen hinweist.

Select Subtest From the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V)

The Weschler Intelligence Scales for Children-V Digit Span and Picture Span subtests assess working memory. The working memory index composite score has a range from 30-170 (mean=100; SD=15). A low score indicates poor performance, and a high score indicates best performance.

Select Subtests From the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, Third Edition (KTEA-3)

The Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement-3 is an assessment of key academic skills. The Letter and Word Recognition, Math Computation, Object Naming Facility, and Associative Fluency Subtests measure children's reading, math, and written language skills. The standard score has a range from 30-170 (mean=100; SD=15). A low score indicates poor performance, and a high score indicates best performance.

Anthropometrics-Body Composition (Height)

To assess children's body composition, height (in centimeters) is measured. This is converted to a z score for age and sex based on Child Growth Standards from the World Health Organization. The z score indicates the number of standard deviations away from the mean. A z score of 0 is equal to the mean of a reference population (children the same age and sex). Values less than 0 indicate values lower than the reference population, while values greater than 0 indicate values higher than the reference population.

Anthropometrics-Body Composition (Weight)

To assess children's body composition, weight (in kilograms) is measured. This is converted to a z score for age and sex based on Child Growth Standards from the World Health Organization. The z score indicates the number of standard deviations away from the mean. A z score of 0 is equal to the mean of a reference population (children the same age and sex). Values less than 0 indicate values lower than the reference population, while values greater than 0 indicate values higher than the reference population.

Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, 2nd Edition (BRIEF-2)

The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, 2nd ed., is completed by the child's caregiver and teacher to measure a range of executive functioning capabilities in children. The BRIEF-2 yields nine clinical scales that measure various aspects of executive function plus three broad indices: behavioral regulation, emotion regulation, and cognitive regulation. Scores are summed to obtain a Global Executive Composite Score that will be expressed as a t score (range= [35-90]; (mean=50; SD=10), where a higher score indicates greater dysregulation .

Select Subscales From the Teacher Report Form 6-18

The Teacher Report Form (syndrome and DSM-Oriented subscales) is completed by the child's teacher to reflect on the child's behavior in the previous six months. Scores are summed to provide a total problems score. Scores are also computed to measure the following subscales: internalizing problems, externalizing problems, anxious/depressed, withdrawn/depressed, somatic complaints, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, rule-breaking behavior, aggression behavior, affective problems, anxiety problems, somatic problems, attention deficit/hyperactivity problems, oppositional defiant problems, conduct problems. Scores will be expressed as a t-score (range= [33-100]; mean=50; SD=10), where a lower score indicates a more optimal outcome.

Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL) - Competence

The Child Behavior Checklist is completed by the child' caregiver to reflect their child's behavior in the previous six months. Scores were summed to provide total competence score. Total competence scores will be expressed as a t-score (range= [20-100]; mean=50; SD=10), where a higher score reflects a more optimal outcome.

National Survey of Children's Health Module - Learning Disability

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

Emotion Regulation Checklist - Emotion Regulation

The Emotion Regulation Checklist is completed by the child's caregiver to measure child's ability to manage their emotions. Scores are grouped and summed to yield Emotion Regulation scale (range=10-40). Higher scores on the Emotion Regulation scale indicates more ability to regulate

Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire-abbreviated Measure

The Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire-abbreviated measures child sleep pattern and behaviors via parent report. Parents are asked to report on the child's bedtime behavior, sleep duration, and behavior during sleep. Scores are summed to give the total sleep disturbance score (range 33-99). Scores are also grouped and summed to yield eight subscales that measure different aspects of sleep. A higher score is indicative of more sleep problems .

Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL) - Problems

The Child Behavior Checklist is completed by the child' caregiver to reflect their child's behavior in the previous six months. Scores were summed to provide problem scores. T Problem scores will be expressed as a t-score (range= [25,100]; mean=50; SD=10), where a lower score reflects a more optimal outcome.

National Survey of Children's Health Module - Developmental Delay

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

National Survey of Children's Health Module - INtellectual Disability

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

National Survey of Children's Health Module - Speech or Other Language Disorder

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

National Survey of Children's Health Module - Behavioral or Conduct Problems

The National Survey of Children's Health module captures child developmental and behavioral diagnoses and other major diagnoses via parent report . A binary variable will be formed to indicate if a child has been diagnosed with each condition or not (yes, no).

Emotion Regulation Checklist - Lability/Negativity

The Emotion Regulation Checklist is completed by the child's caregiver to measure child's ability to manage their emotions. Scores are grouped and summed to yield a Lability/Negativity (range=14-56) scale. Higher scores on the Lability/Negativity scale reflect greater dysregulation .