Optimering av NULOJIX®-användning för att minimera CNI-exponering vid samtidig pankreas- och njurtransplantation

• Induction: 5 day course of methylprednisolone or equivalent;
• Induction: Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit);
• Maintenance Immunosuppression: Tacrolimus (or generic). The site investigator will identify a starting tacrolimus dose at his or her discretion, in order to achieve the target trough levels, no later than 5 days post-transplantation. Tacrolimus dosing will be initiated on the day of surgery or post-operative day 1 depending upon when during the day the surgery is completed, then adjusted to target trough levels of 8-12 ng/ml during the first 24 weeks post-transplant, then adjusted to target trough levels of 5-8 ng/ml thereafter.
• Maintenance Immunosuppression: Mycophenolate mofetil (or Myfortic (mycophenolate sodium), or generic).

• Medrol

• Thymoglobulin
• ATG (kanin)

There may be an opportunity to withdraw tacrolimus at week 40

• Prograf

Mycophenolate mofetil will be administered at a target dose of 1000 mg by mouth twice daily (e.g., BID) beginning on the day of surgery or post-operative day 1 depending upon when during the day the surgery is completed (maximum MMF dosing is 2G per day). MMF will be adjusted based on clinical complications (such as neutropenia). Myfortic® (mycophenolate sodium) may be used as a replacement for MMF. Mycophenolate sodium will be dosed at 720 mg PO BID. Mycophenolate sodium will be adjusted based on clinical complications.

• MMF, mykofenolatnatrium, CellCept

• Induction: 5 day course of methylprednisolone or equivalent;
• Induction: Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit);
• Maintenance Immunosuppression: Belatacept
• Maintenance Immunosuppression: Tacrolimus (or generic)- The site investigator will identify a starting tacrolimus dose at his or her discretion, in order to achieve the target trough levels no later than 5 days post-transplantation. Tacrolimus dosing will be initiated on the day of surgery or post-operative day 1 depending upon when during the day the surgery is completed. The dosage will be adjusted to achieve the following therapeutic trough levels: 5-8 ng/ml during the first 24 weeks post-transplant and then 3-5 ng/ml until day 280 (week 40). Subjects may be withdrawn if they meet all the criteria defined below.
• Maintenance Immunosuppression: Mycophenolate mofetil (or Myfortic (mycophenolate sodium), or generic).

• Medrol

• Thymoglobulin
• ATG (kanin)

There may be an opportunity to withdraw tacrolimus at week 40

• Prograf

Mycophenolate mofetil will be administered at a target dose of 1000 mg by mouth twice daily (e.g., BID) beginning on the day of surgery or post-operative day 1 depending upon when during the day the surgery is completed (maximum MMF dosing is 2G per day). MMF will be adjusted based on clinical complications (such as neutropenia). Myfortic® (mycophenolate sodium) may be used as a replacement for MMF. Mycophenolate sodium will be dosed at 720 mg PO BID. Mycophenolate sodium will be adjusted based on clinical complications.

• MMF, mykofenolatnatrium, CellCept

The first dose of belatacept will be administered approximately 24-48 hours after the last dose of Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit).

• NULOJIX

eGFR was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI):

• A score of ≥90 means kidney function is normal.
• A score between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease.
• Scores between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function.
• Scores between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function.
• Scores below 15 indicate very severe or end stage kidney failure.

eGFR was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI):

• A score of ≥90 means kidney function is normal.
• A score between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease.
• Scores between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function.
• Scores between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function.
• Scores below 15 indicate very severe or end stage kidney failure.

The stages of Chronic Kidney Disease are defined using the participant's GFR value:

• Stage 1 if GFR value is ≥90 ( kidney function is normal)
• Stage 2 if 60 ≤ GFR < 90 (mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease)
• Stage 3A if 45 ≤ GFR < 60*
• Stage 3B if 30 ≤ GFR < 45*
• Stage 4 if 15 ≤ GFR < 30 (severely reduced kidney function)
• Stage 5 if GFR < 15 (severe or end stage kidney failure).

Stages 3A and 3B indicate moderately reduced kidney function.*

The stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) are defined using the participant's GFR value:

• Stage 1 if GFR value is ≥ 90 (kidney function is normal)
• Stage 2 if 60 ≤ GFR < 90 (mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease)
• Stage 3A if 45 <= GFR < 60*
• Stage 3B if 30 <= GFR < 45*
• Stage 4 if 15 ≤ GFR < 30 (severely reduced kidney function)
• Stage 5 if GFR < 15 (severe or end stage kidney failure).

Stages 3A abd 3B indicate moderately reduced kidney function.*

The estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation (MDRD):

• A score of ≥ 90 means kidney function is normal.
• A score between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease.
• Scores between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function.
• Scores between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function.
• Scores below 15 indicate severe or endstage kidney failure.

The estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI):

• A score of ≥ 90 means kidney function is normal.
• A score between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease.
• Scores between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function.
• Scores between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function.
• Scores below 15 indicate very severe or endstage kidney failure.

An estimate of the slope, or change over time, in eGFR was produced using standard statistical linear modeling procedures. The estimate was then re-scaled so that it could be interpreted as a change in eGFR per month. Positive numbers indicate increasing kidney function.

Larger numbers indicate greater change in kidney function.

Participants achieved successful discontinuation if they were able to discontinue (e.g., off tacrolimus therapy completely) over a 4-8 weeks after tacrolimus withdrawal was initiated at week 40.

Delayed grafted function is defined as dialysis in the first week on one or more occasions for any indication other than the treatment of acute hyperkalemia in the setting of otherwise acceptable renal function.

Participants with full pancreatic graft functions are defined as those that no longer require exogenous insulin therapy.

C-peptide is a measure of pancreatic function. The definition of partial pancreatic graft function: a fasting C-peptide levels >0.3ng.mL (0.1nmol.L) plus the participant's continued requirement for exogenous insulin or oral hypoglycemic agent(s).

C-peptide is a measure of pancreatic function. The definition of pancreatic loss: a C-peptide value of <0.3 ng/mL.

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measures the average blood glucose levels over 8-12 weeks, thus acting as a useful long-term gauge of blood glucose control:

• A value below 6.0% reflects normal levels,
• 6.0% to 6.4% reflects prediabetes, and
• a value of ≥ 6.5% reflects diabetes.

Fasting blood sugar (e.g., glucose) test is used to help diagnose diabetes, prediabetes, and gestational diabetes.

Reference fasting blood sugar (glucose) values:

• 70 to 99 mg/dL is normal
• 100 to 125 mg/dL is considered prediabetes
• 126 mg/dL or higher on two separate tests is considered diabetes.

A blood pressure measurement consists of two numbers: the systolic and diastolic pressures. Systolic pressure measures the pressure in blood vessels when the heart beats. Diastolic pressure measures the pressure in blood vessels between beats of the heart.

• Systolic measures of <120 and diastolic measures of <80 are considered normal.
• Systolic measures of 120-139 and diastolic measures of 80-89 are considered at risk (or pre-hypertension).
• Systolic measures of ≥140 and diastolic measures of ≥90 are considered high.

Anti-hypertensive medications are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension. The medications seek to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stoke and myocardial infarction.

A fasting lipid profiles measures total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. These measurements are used in assessing one's risk of cardiovascular disease. Target ranges for each of these measures are provided:

• Total cholesterol: 75-169 mg/dL if age ≤20; 100-199 mg/dL if age ≥ 21; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease
• LDL cholesterol: <70 mg/dL for people with documented cardiovascular disease or metabolic syndrome; <100 mg/dL for people considered high risk for cardiovascular disease; <130 mg/dL for people considered low risk for cardiovascular disease; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease
• HDL cholesterol: 40mg/dL and higher; high values indicate reduced risk of cardiovascular disease
• Non-HDL cholesterol: 30 mg/dL above the target value for LDL cholesterol; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease and
• Triglycerides: <150 mg/dL; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease.

A fasting lipid profiles measures total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. These measurements are used in assessing one's risk of cardiovascular disease. Target ranges for each of these measures are provided:

• Total cholesterol: 75-169 mg/dL if age ≤20; 100-199 mg/dL if age ≥ 21; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease
• LDL cholesterol: <70 mg/dL for people with documented cardiovascular disease or metabolic syndrome; <100 mg/dL for people considered high risk for cardiovascular disease; <130 mg/dL for people considered low risk for cardiovascular disease; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease
• HDL cholesterol: 40mg/dL and higher; high values indicate reduced risk of cardiovascular disease
• Non-HDL cholesterol: 30 mg/dL above the target value for LDL cholesterol; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease and
• Triglycerides: <150 mg/dL; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease.

A fasting lipid profiles measures total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. These measurements are used in assessing one's risk of cardiovascular disease. Target ranges for each of these measures are provided:

• Total cholesterol: 75-169 mg/dL if age ≤ 20; 100-199 mg/dL if age ≥ 21; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease
• LDL cholesterol: <70 mg/dL for people with documented cardiovascular disease or metabolic syndrome; <100 mg/dL for people considered high risk for cardiovascular disease; <130 mg/dL for people considered low risk for cardiovascular disease; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease
• HDL cholesterol: 40mg/dL and higher; high values indicate reduced risk of cardiovascular disease
• Non-HDL cholesterol: 30 mg/dL above the target value for LDL cholesterol; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease and
• Triglycerides: <150 mg/dL; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease.

Lipid lowering medications are used in the treatment of high levels of fats (lipids), such as cholesterol in blood

Biopsy-proven acute rejection (AR) of the kidney (renal) or pancreas during the first 52 weeks post-transplant. AR grading using standard Banff* criteria. For both kidney and pancreas, AR is defined as a grade ≥1.

• AR for the kidney: Banff 2007 criteria. Severity of AR is graded by as IA, IB, IIA, IIB, or III, with IA defined as the mildest form of AR and III being the most severe.
• AR for the pancreas: Banff 2011 Criteria. Severity of AR is graded as I, II, or III, with I defined as the mildest form of AR and III being the most severe.

AR grading using standard Banff* criteria. For both kidney and pancreas, AR is defined as a grade ≥1.

• AR for the kidney: Banff 2007 criteria. Severity of AR is graded by as IA, IB, IIA, IIB, or III, with IA defined as the mildest form of AR and III being the most severe.
• AR for the pancreas: Banff 2011 Criteria. Severity of AR is graded is I, II, or III, with I defined as the mildest form of AR and III being the most severe.

Humoral rejection (i.e., antibody mediated rejection) of:

1. the kidney as defined by diffusely positive staining for C4d, presence of circulating anti-donor antibodies, and morphologic evidence of acute tissue injury determined by local pathology and,
2. the pancreas as defined by the presence of circulating anti-donor antibodies, and histopathological data including morphologic evidence of microvascular tissue injury and C4d staining in interacinar capillaries determined by local pathology.

The de novo development of donor-specific antibody (DSA) is associated with an increased risk of graft rejection.

The presence of anti-Histocompatibility Antigen (HLA) antibodies (alloantibodies) is associated with increased risk of acute and chronic injury to the transplant allograft.

Participants are stratified by kidney biopsy results/treatment received.

In the event of a for cause renal (kidney) biopsy:

-The diagnosis of acute cellular rejection (ACR) using the Banff 2007 renal allograft pathology criteria. These criteria for renal allograft biopsies is an international histopathological classification standard. ACR is defined by a renal biopsy demonstrating a Banff 2007 classification of Grade IA or greater, with higher scores indicating more severe rejection. (Ref: Solez K, Colvin RB et al. Banff 07 classification of renal allograft pathology: updates and future directions. Am J Transplant 2008 8(4): 753-60).

Acronyms and abbreviations:

• ACR=Acute Cellular Rejection*
• Normal*
• Borderline* (criteria for ACR not fulfilled)
• Gd.=Grade*
• IFTA=Interstitial Fibrosis and Tubular Atrophy*
• ATG=Anti-thymocyte globulin therapy
• IVIG=Intravenous Immunoglobulin therapy
• PO=Orally
• QD=Daily *Banff 2007 renal allograft pathology criteria

Participants are stratified by kidney biopsy results/treatment received.

Upon having a for-cause biopsy performed, persons often receive treatment for rejection based on the biopsy results, which may or may not reveal signs of rejection. Details of biopsy findings and corresponding treatment are provided for each instance of treatment for rejection.

Results summary format: biopsy results; treatment.

Acronyms and abbreviations:

• ACR=Acute Cellular Rejection
• IFTA=Interstitial Fibrosis and Tubular Atrophy
• ATG=Anti-thymocyte globulin therapy
• IVIG=Intravenous Immunoglobulin therapy
• Gd =Grade
• PO=Orally
• QD=Daily

This measure counts death, graft loss, or undetectable C-peptide value (e.g., C-peptide <0.3 ng/mL) occurring at any point post-transplant and independent of each other.

• Kidney Graft Loss was defined as 90 consecutive days of dialysis dependency.
• Pancreas graft loss was defined as returning to exogenous insulin therapy or initiation of oral hypoglycemic agents for greater than 30 days.
• Factitious hypoglycemia due to surreptitious insulin administration results in elevated serum insulin levels and low or undetectable C-peptide levels.

Adverse events were collected systematically. Counts of all participants who experienced at least one adverse event (AEs, SAEs) by assigned treatment group.

Refer to the Serious Adverse Events and Other Adverse Events tables for more detail.

Infections were required to be reported as a serious adverse event if they required either inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of a current hospitalization. Displayed are counts of all participants who experienced infection(s) as an adverse event, by treatment group.

Viral infections following renal transplantation is a significant source of recipient morbidity and mortality, and a significant cause of allograft dysfunction and loss.

Specific viruses were monitored during this study using participant blood samples. Displayed are counts of participants who experienced BKV and CMV viremia as adverse events, diagnosed by test results from the local clinical pathology laboratory.

Viral infections following renal transplantation is a significant source of recipient morbidity and mortality, and a significant cause of allograft dysfunction and loss. Specific viruses were monitored during this study using participant blood samples. Displayed are counts of all participants diagnosed with EBV infection as an adverse event by EBV test(s), diagnosed by test results from the local clinical pathology laboratory.

An increased risk/incidence of malignancy is a recognized complication of immunosuppression in recipients of organ transplants. In Phase 3 clinical trials, overall malignancy rates were similar across all treatment groups, with the exception of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD).Displayed are counts of all participants who experienced malignancy reported as an adverse event.