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Analgetisk effekt och obstetriska effekter av Tramadol, Paracetamol och Placebo under aktiv förlossning (TRAMPA)

2 november 2026 uppdaterad av: Ricardo A Gutierrez Ramirez, MD, MSc, FACOG, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras

Analgetisk effekt och obstetriska effekter av tramadol, paracetamol och placebo under aktiv förlossning: En randomiserad dubbelblind kontrollerad studie

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial aims to compare the analgesic efficacy and obstetric effects of tramadol (100 mg IV) versus paracetamol (1 g IV) versus placebo (saline solution) in nulliparous women during active labor. The primary outcome is duration of active labor (minutes). Secondary outcomes include duration of expulsive phase, type of delivery, need for oxytocin augmentation, maternal adverse events (nausea, vomiting, somnolence, hypotension), and neonatal outcomes (Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, NICU admission). The study hypothesizes that tramadol significantly reduces active labor duration compared to paracetamol and placebo, without compromising maternal or neonatal safety. A total of 300 nulliparous women (100 per group) will be enrolled at Hospital Escuela, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Studieöversikt

Status

Rekrytering

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljerad beskrivning

This is a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, superiority efficacy trial comparing three interventions: tramadol 100 mg IV, paracetamol 1 g IV, and placebo (10 mL 0.9% saline solution) administered at the onset of active labor (cervical dilation ≥4 cm with regular contractions). The study design follows CONSORT guidelines for randomized controlled trials. Randomization will be performed using REDCap's automated randomization module in variable block sizes, ensuring allocation concealment. Double-blinding is maintained: participants, care providers, and outcome assessors are masked to group assignment. The primary endpoint is duration of active labor (minutes from intervention administration to complete cervical dilation). Secondary endpoints include: duration of expulsive phase (minutes), type of delivery (spontaneous vaginal, instrumental, cesarean), need for oxytocin augmentation, maternal adverse events (nausea, vomiting, somnolence, hypotension, pruritus, dizziness), neonatal Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, birth weight, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, NICU admission, and neonatal asphyxia. Data collection includes sociodemographic variables (age, education, marital status, occupation), obstetric variables (gestational age, prenatal care visits, BMI, membrane status, cervical dilation at intervention, baseline fetal heart rate), and pain scores (Visual Analog Scale pre-intervention, 30 min, 1h, 2h post-intervention). Statistical analysis includes ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis for continuous variables, chi-square for categorical variables, and logistic regression for binary outcomes, with significance set at p<0.05. A Data Safety Monitoring Board will oversee safety every 3 months. The study is funded by Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras and will be conducted at Hospital Escuela, Tegucigalpa, from Feb. 2026 to June 2026.

Studietyp

Interventionell

Inskrivning (Beräknad)

300

Fas

  • Fas 4

Kontakter och platser

Det här avsnittet innehåller kontaktuppgifter för dem som genomför studien och information om var denna studie genomförs.

Studiekontakt

Studieorter

  • Honduras
    • Francisco Morazán Department
      • Tegucigalpa, Francisco Morazán Department, Honduras, 11101
        • Rekrytering
        • Hospital Escuela
        • Kontakt:
        • Huvudutredare:
          • Jessica M. Peña Ordoñez, MD
        • Underutredare:
          • Jose A. Mendoza Rodriguez, MD
      • Tegucigalpa, Francisco Morazán Department, Honduras, 11101
        • Rekrytering
        • Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social
        • Kontakt:
        • Huvudutredare:
          • Ethel A. Cruz Valdivieso, MD
        • Underutredare:
          • Raphael Amador Umanzor, MD

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

15 år till 45 år (Barn, Vuxen)

Tar emot friska volontärer

Ja

Kön som är behöriga för studier

Kvinna

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Nulliparous pregnant women
  • Age between 15 and 45 years
  • Singleton pregnancy, term (37-41 weeks gestation)
  • Cephalic presentation
  • Active labor defined as cervical dilation ≥4 cm with regular contractions
  • Signed informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Multiple gestation or high-risk pregnancy (preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, etc.)
  • Known allergy or contraindication to tramadol or paracetamol
  • Recent use (less than 6 hours) of any analgesic medication
  • Previous cesarean section or other uterine surgery
  • Active infection or fever at admission
  • Inability to provide informed consent due to mental or communication conditions
  • Non-cephalic presentation
  • Rupture of membranes >18 hours without labor
  • Participation in another clinical trial within the last 3 months

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

  • Primärt syfte: Behandling
  • Tilldelning: Randomiserad
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallellt uppdrag
  • Maskning: Fyrdubbla

Vapen och interventioner

Deltagargrupp / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Experimentell: Tramadol Group

Participants receive a single dose of tramadol 100 mg intravenously at the onset of active labor (cervical dilation ≥4 cm with regular contractions).
Läkemedel: Tramadol Hydrochloride

Tramadol 100 mg administered as a single intravenous dose at the onset of active labor. Tramadol is an atypical opioid analgesic with serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibition properties. The dose is within standard clinical ranges for obstetric analgesia. Administration is performed by trained medical personnel following institutional protocols. Participants are monitored for adverse effects including nausea, vomiting, somnolence, dizziness, and hypotension.
Experimentell: Paracetamol Group

Participants receive a single dose of paracetamol 1 g intravenously (slow infusion) at the onset of active labor (cervical dilation ≥4 cm with regular contractions).
Läkemedel: Paracetamol (acetaminophen)

Paracetamol 1 g administered as a single intravenous slow infusion at the onset of active labor. Paracetamol is a central analgesic acting through COX-3 inhibition in the central nervous system. It is widely used during pregnancy and labor due to its favorable safety profile. Administration is performed by trained medical personnel following institutional protocols. Participants are monitored for adverse effects including nausea, vomiting, and allergic reactions (rare).
Placebo-jämförare: Placebo Group

Participants receive a single dose of 10 mL 0.9% saline solution intravenously at the onset of active labor (cervical dilation ≥4 cm with regular contractions).
Läkemedel: Placebo (Saline Solution)

Placebo consisting of 10 mL 0.9% saline solution administered as a single intravenous dose at the onset of active labor. The appearance and administration procedure are identical to the active interventions to maintain blinding. No pharmacological active ingredients are present. Administration is performed by trained medical personnel following institutional protocols.

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Duration of Active Labor
Tidsram: From intervention administration (at active labor onset) up to 12 hours.

Time in minutes from administration of study intervention (at onset of active labor defined as cervical dilation ≥4 cm with regular contractions) to complete cervical dilation (10 cm) or delivery, whichever occurs first. Measured and recorded by attending obstetric staff using standardized timing protocols.
From intervention administration (at active labor onset) up to 12 hours.

Sekundära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Duration of Expulsive Phase (Second Stage)
Tidsram: During delivery, from complete cervical dilation up to 120 minutes.

Time in minutes from complete cervical dilation (10 cm) to fetal expulsion. Measured and recorded by attending obstetric staff.
During delivery, from complete cervical dilation up to 120 minutes.
Type of Delivery
Tidsram: At delivery

Classification of delivery outcome: spontaneous vaginal delivery, instrumental delivery (forceps or vacuum), or cesarean section. Assessed by attending obstetrician.
At delivery
Need for Oxytocin Augmentation
Tidsram: During labor (from intervention administration up to 24 hours).

Requirement for additional oxytocin administration to augment uterine contractions during labor. Recorded as yes/no, including dose and timing if applicable.
During labor (from intervention administration up to 24 hours).
Maternal Adverse Events
Tidsram: From intervention administration up to 24 hours postpartum.

Occurrence of any adverse events potentially related to the intervention, including: nausea, vomiting, somnolence, dizziness, headache, pruritus, hypotension (systolic BP <90 mmHg), or allergic reactions. Severity graded as mild, moderate, or severe.
From intervention administration up to 24 hours postpartum.
Neonatal Apgar Score at 5 Minutes
Tidsram: At 5 minutes after birth.

Apgar score assessed at 5 minutes after birth. Score ranges from 0-10, with higher scores indicating better neonatal condition.
At 5 minutes after birth.
Neonatal Complications
Tidsram: From birth up to 48 hours, through hospital discharge.

Occurrence of neonatal complications including: Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, need for neonatal resuscitation, NICU admission, or neonatal asphyxia
From birth up to 48 hours, through hospital discharge.
Pain Scores (Visual Analog Scale)
Tidsram: Pre-intervention, and at 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 2 hours post-intervention.

Maternal pain assessed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Measured at baseline (pre-intervention), 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 2 hours post-intervention.
Pre-intervention, and at 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 2 hours post-intervention.

Andra resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Subgroup Analysis by Maternal Age
Tidsram: Throughout study period, average of six months

Comparison of primary and secondary outcomes stratified by maternal age categories (<20 years, 20-35 years, >35 years).
Throughout study period, average of six months

Samarbetspartners och utredare

Det är här du hittar personer och organisationer som är involverade i denna studie.

Sponsor

Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras

Publikationer och användbara länkar

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Allmänna publikationer

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Faktisk)

15 februari 2026

Primärt slutförande (Beräknad)

30 november 2026

Avslutad studie (Beräknad)

30 november 2026

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

17 februari 2026

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

24 februari 2026

Första postat (Faktisk)

27 februari 2026

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)

5 november 2026

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

2 november 2026

Senast verifierad

1 februari 2026

Mer information

Termer relaterade till denna studie

Nyckelord

Ytterligare relevanta MeSH-villkor

Andra studie-ID-nummer

  • PO-UNAH-49-7-2026

Plan för individuella deltagardata (IPD)

Planerar du att dela individuella deltagardata (IPD)?

OBESLUTSAM

IPD-planbeskrivning

Individual participant data (anonymized) will be shared for scientific purposes related to obstetric analgesia and labor management. Only de-identified datasets will be shared with qualified researchers upon reasonable request and with appropriate ethics committee approval. Participants will be informed of data sharing plans during the informed consent process and may opt out.

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