Effects of Resistance-Based Multicomponent Training Incorporating Respiratory Exercise on Diaphragm Thickness, Hepatic Attenuation, and Quality of Life in Healthy Older Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RT-DIA-OLDER)
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of a four-week moderate-intensity resistance training program on diaphragm thickness, hepatic fat density, and health-related quality of life in healthy community-dwelling older men aged 60-75 years. Thirty participants were randomly assigned to a resistance training group or control group. Diaphragm thickness and hepatic attenuation were assessed using non-contrast computed tomography, and quality of life was evaluated using the SF-12 questionnaire. The primary outcome was change in diaphragm thickness. Secondary exploratory outcomes included hepatic fat density and SF-12 physical and mental health scores.
Studieöversikt
Status
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Detaljerad beskrivning
Aging is associated with progressive decline in respiratory muscle morphology, metabolic health, and perceived quality of life. While resistance training is well established for peripheral muscle adaptation, its short-term effects on diaphragm morphology and hepatic tissue density remain insufficiently investigated.
This randomized controlled pre-test-post-test trial enrolled 30 healthy men aged 60-75 years. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to:
Resistance Training Group (RT) Control Group (CON) The RT group completed a supervised moderate-intensity resistance training program three times per week for four weeks (30-40 minutes/session, RPE 12-15). The control group maintained usual daily activities.
Primary Outcome:
Change in diaphragm thickness (mm) assessed by non-contrast CT
Secondary Outcomes (Exploratory):
Hepatic attenuation (Hounsfield Units) via CT SF-12 Physical Health Score SF-12 Mental Health Score The study was approved by the Hitit University Scientific Research Ethics Committee (2025/0464) and conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki.
Studietyp
Inskrivning (Faktisk)
Fas
- Inte tillämpbar
Kontakter och platser
Studieorter
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Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüşhane
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Gümüşhane, Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüşhane, Turkiet (Türkiye), 29600
- Gumushane Univetsity
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Deltagandekriterier
Urvalskriterier
Åldrar som är berättigade till studier
Tar emot friska volontärer
Kön som är behöriga för studier
Beskrivning
Inclusion Criteria:
- Male
- Age 60-75 years
- Community-dwelling and functionally independent
- No structured exercise program in past 6 months
- No musculoskeletal injury in past 6 months
- Ability to provide written informed consent
- Stable neuropsychological status
Exclusion Criteria:
- Chronic liver disease
- Uncontrolled cardiovascular or pulmonary disease
- Recent respiratory infection
- Use of medications affecting muscle or liver metabolism (e.g., systemic corticosteroids, anabolic agents, hepatotoxic drugs)
- Participation in structured exercise or respiratory training within past 6 months
- Unstable thyroid hormone replacement therapy
Studieplan
Hur är studien utformad?
Designdetaljer
- Primärt syfte: Övrig
- Tilldelning: Randomiserad
- Interventionsmodell: Parallellt uppdrag
- Maskning: Enda
Vapen och interventioner
Deltagargrupp / Arm |
Intervention / Behandling |
|---|---|
|
Experimentell: Resistance Training Group (RT)
Participants performed supervised resistance training three times per week for four weeks. Each session lasted 30-40 minutes and included: Lower body exercises (sit-to-stand, step-ups, glute bridge) Upper body exercises (wall push-ups, resistance band row, biceps curl) Core exercises Breathing exercises (diaphragmatic breathing, pursed-lip breathing) Warm-up protocol (10 minutes dynamic mobility) Intensity: Borg RPE 12-15 Rest interval: 60 seconds between sets |
Structured Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training Participants maintained their usual daily routines without structured exercise intervention. |
|
Inget ingripande: CONTROL
Participants maintained their usual daily routines without structured exercise intervention. |
Vad mäter studien?
Primära resultatmått
Resultatmått |
Åtgärdsbeskrivning |
Tidsram |
|---|---|---|
|
Diaphragm Thickness
Tidsram: 4 weeks
|
Diaphragm thickness measured in millimeters using non-contrast computed tomography at full inspiration. |
4 weeks
|
Sekundära resultatmått
Resultatmått |
Åtgärdsbeskrivning |
Tidsram |
|---|---|---|
|
Hepatic Fat Density
Tidsram: 4 weeks
|
Measurement: CT attenuation (Hounsfield Units) Single ROI in segment VIII |
4 weeks
|
|
SF-12 Physical Health Score
Tidsram: 4 weeks
|
Instrument: Short Form-12 Health Survey The physical and mental health scores of the SF-12 subdimensions range from 0 to 100, with higher scores representing better health. |
4 weeks
|
|
SF-12 Mental Health Score
Tidsram: 4 weeks
|
Instrument: Short Form-12 Health Survey The physical and mental health scores of the SF-12 subdimensions range from 0 to 100, with higher scores representing better health. |
4 weeks
|
|
Six-minute walk test (6MWT)
Tidsram: 4 WEEK
|
Functional exercise capacity was assessed using the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) according to a standardised protocol based on established 6MWT recommendations. The test was performed on a flat, straight 30-m indoor corridor, with the course clearly marked at both ends. Participants were instructed to walk back and forth along the corridor for 6 min at a self-selected walking pace, with the objective of covering the greatest possible distance within the allotted time. |
4 WEEK
|
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Studiestart (Faktisk)
Primärt slutförande (Faktisk)
Avslutad studie (Faktisk)
Studieregistreringsdatum
Först inskickad
Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna
Första postat (Faktisk)
Uppdateringar av studier
Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)
Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna
Senast verifierad
Mer information
Termer relaterade till denna studie
Ytterligare relevanta MeSH-villkor
Andra studie-ID-nummer
- E-95674917-108.99-181733
Plan för individuella deltagardata (IPD)
Planerar du att dela individuella deltagardata (IPD)?
IPD-planbeskrivning
Individual participant data will not be shared due to the absence of prior consent for data sharing and the potential risk of re-identification in a small, single-center sample. Only aggregate results will be disseminated.
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