社会虚拟现实对提高注意力缺陷/多动障碍儿童的社会交往能力

实验性的：社会虚拟现实干预

社交 VR 干预旨在提高儿童的社交互动技能。 参与者将佩戴头戴式显示器进行社交 VR 干预。 社交 VR 干预的每次会话最多持续 20 分钟，以确保参与者专注于干预并防止造成任何身体影响。 持续时间将根据干预期间参与者的情绪进行调整。 Social VR 干预将主要帮助参与者增强他们的社交互动技能和执行功能。 干预包含三个现实生活中的虚拟场景，包括（1）教室和操场，（2）地铁站和车厢，以及（3）超市和餐厅。 每届会议将采用一种情景。 每个会话中使用的场景顺序对所有参与者都是相同的。

行为的：虚拟现实

总共有 12 节训练课，为期 3 周（每周 4 节课）。 社交 VR 干预的每个会话最多持续 20 分钟。 干预包含三个现实生活中的虚拟场景，包括 (1) 教室和操场，(2) 地铁站和车厢，以及 (3) 超市和餐厅。

有源比较器：传统社交技能训练

经验丰富的 SEN 老师将通过传统教学和角色扮演活动教授参与者社交互动技巧。 为期三周的培训将涵盖四个模块： (1) 如何自我介绍和基本社交技巧； （2）如何倾听别人的声音； (3) 如何与他人分享； (4) 学会了解人们的感受以及如何换位思考。 这些模块已应用于许多研究中（Braswell & Bloomquist，1991；Huang 等，2015）。 本次培训的内容将尽可能与 Social VR 培训相似。 培训持续 20 分钟，具体取决于参与者的情绪。

行为的：传统社交技能训练

总共有 12 节训练课，为期 3 周（每周 4 节课）。 每个会话最多持续 20 分钟。 为期三周的培训将涵盖四个模块： (1) 如何自我介绍和基本社交技巧； （2）如何倾听别人的声音； (3) 如何与他人分享； (4) 学会了解人们的感受以及如何换位思考。

无干预：候补名单控制组

该组参与者将不接受任何培训，他们可以在干预期结束后参加社交 VR 培训。 为确保实验的一致性，参与者不得在 3 周的干预期内开始或改变他们的药物治疗。

Riggio Social Skills Inventory Assessment

[Protocol-to-Publication Realignment Explanation]: In the initial protocol, trial feasibility (attendance/compliance) was registered as the primary focus. In the final published pilot RCT, to address the core therapeutic objective of this intervention, the evaluation was refined to focus on clinical efficacy. Therefore, this blinded clinical assessment of Social Skills was designated as a Primary Outcome to directly report behavioral improvements.

This assessment uses the Riggio Social Skills Inventory to objectively evaluate participants' social interaction skills. The total score ranges from 10 to 40, where higher scores indicate better social interaction skills. The inventory consists of 10 items, each scored on a scale from 1 (Never) to 4 (Always). Scores for each item are summed to compute a total score, with higher total scores representing better outcomes in social skills. The inventory includes subscales that measure aspects of verbal and non-verbal communication.

Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales - Parent Version (SSIS-RS)

[Protocol-to-Publication Realignment Explanation]: Outcome Level: Shifted from a feasibility framework in the protocol to a primary clinical outcome in the published paper to evaluate targeted efficacy.

Scale Upgrade: The tool was upgraded from the older SSRS-P (as planned in the protocol) to its revised version, the SSIS-RS, which provides updated contemporary clinical norms for children with ADHD.

This assessment evaluates participants' self-control, assertiveness, and initiative and cooperation. The SSIS-RS consists of 3 subscales with a total of 31 items. A 3-point Likert scale (1 = Never, 2 = Sometimes, 3 = Often) is used for scoring. The total score ranges from 31 to 93, where higher scores indicate better social skills. Scores for each subscale are summed, contributing to the total score. The SSIS-RS is a validated instrument commonly adopted in clinical trials of psychiatric and neurological disorders.

行为评级库存功能清单

使用执行功能的行为评级清单评估参与者的执行功能（简介），这将由参与者的监护人评分。 本研究将采用抑制作用（16个项目）和情绪控制（10个项目）。 3点李克特量表（1 =从不，2 =有时，3 =经常）得分。 总分从26到78不等，得分较高，表明执行功能不佳。

干预满意

使用7点李克特量表（1 =非常不满意，7 =非常满意）在VR训练组的最后一个课程中测量了对干预的满意度。 总分范围为1到7，得分较高，表明满意度更高。

模拟器疾病问卷

测量VR环境中参与者的疾病或身体不适。 将测量九种项目，包括不适，疲劳，头痛，眼睛疲劳，出汗，恶心，集中精力，视力模糊和头晕，是每个项目的是或否。

Acceptability and Compliance

[Protocol-to-Publication Realignment Explanation]: This parameter was originally listed as a Primary Outcome in the feasibility protocol. In the final published pilot RCT, all feasibility targets were successfully achieved (sample size of 90 randomized, accounting for the anticipated 25%-30% attrition rate). For structural reporting in the peer-reviewed paper, it was repositioned under secondary/feasibility outcomes while clinical efficacy took priority as the primary measure.

The attendance of the participants during the trainings will be recorded. To verify the validity of the findings, training non-adherence of the participants will be terminated which will be stated in the consent form. The absence of any training session will be considered as non-adherence.