The Effect of Dietary Fibre and Plant Protein on Appetite and Metabolic Function

October 21, 2013 updated by: Isabella Lee, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

The Combined Effect of Dietary Fibre and Plant Protein on Appetite and Metabolic Function After Short-Term Consumption

Acute effects on appetite and metabolic function have been observed for whole-grain rye cereal products. The aim of this study is to evaluate if the appetite suppressing effect of a whole-grain rye breakfast cereal may be further enhanced by the addition of fermentable dietary fibre and plant protein. The aim is also to try to elucidate how observed effects on subjective appetite are mediated in terms of changes in hormonal signals, flow of nutrients in the blood and products from bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre, and to relate this to the different composition of the breakfasts.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The short-term effects (up to 8 hours after intake) of dietary fibre and plant protein on subjective appetite and metabolism will be evaluated using a randomized cross-over study design. Each participant will consume six different breakfasts on six different occasions separated by a 1 week wash-out period: three rye porridges supplemented with three different combinations of added fermentable dietary fibre and plant protein, two non-supplemented rye porridges differing in amount of rye and one wheat bread. Participants will rate subjective appetite (satiety, hunger and desire to eat) by using a visual analog scale (VAS) every 30 min during an 8-hour period, starting 30 min before breakfast. The concentration of hydrogen and methane in the breath, as indicators of bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre, will be measured every hour. Blood samples will be collected before breakfast and at regular intervals throughout the day for analysis of glucose and hormone levels. The metabolic profile in the blood will be assessed as well as products from bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre, such as short chain fatty acids. Gastric emptying rate will also be evaluated using paracetamol as an indicator. Hormonal responses, changes in the metabolome and fermentation products will be related to subjective appetite and to differences in composition of the breakfasts.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
22

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Sweden
      • Uppsala, Sweden, SE-751 85
        • Paediatric Research Facility; The Children's Hospital at Uppsala University Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 60 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Women must be post-menopausal or habitually take hormonal contraceptives
  • Habitual breakfast eaters

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Non-contraceptive use among pre-menopausal women
  • Pregnancy, lactation or wishing to become pregnant during the study period
  • Dieting
  • Weightloss
  • Eating disorder
  • Hyperglycemic
  • Hyperinsulinemic
  • Thyroid disease
  • Metabolic issues
  • Diabetes
  • Physical or psychological problems eating
  • Food intolerances/allergies to foods included in the study
  • Vegetarians
  • Intolerance/allergy to paracetamol
  • Heavy smokers
  • Recent or concurrent participation in an intervention research study

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Rye + high dose inulin + low dose gluten
Rye porridge supplemented with a high dose of the fermentable dietary fibre inulin and low dose of the plant protein gluten.
Other: Rye + equal doses of inulin & gluten
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Rye + low dose inulin + high dose gluten
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Large non-supplemented rye
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Small non-supplemented rye
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Refined wheat bread
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Experimental: Rye + equal doses of inulin & gluten
Rye porridge supplemented with equal doses of the fermentable dietary fibre inulin and the plant protein gluten.
Other: Rye + low dose inulin + high dose gluten
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Large non-supplemented rye
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Small non-supplemented rye
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Refined wheat bread
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Rye + high dose inulin + low dose gluten
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Experimental: Rye + low dose inulin + high dose gluten
Rye porridge supplemented with a low dose of the fermentable dietary fibre inulin and a high dose of the plant protein gluten.
Other: Rye + equal doses of inulin & gluten
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Large non-supplemented rye
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Small non-supplemented rye
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Refined wheat bread
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Rye + high dose inulin + low dose gluten
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Experimental: Large non-supplemented rye
Large portion of rye porridge without supplements.
Other: Rye + equal doses of inulin & gluten
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Rye + low dose inulin + high dose gluten
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Small non-supplemented rye
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Refined wheat bread
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Rye + high dose inulin + low dose gluten
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Experimental: Small non-supplemented rye
Small portion of rye porridge without supplements.
Other: Rye + equal doses of inulin & gluten
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Rye + low dose inulin + high dose gluten
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Large non-supplemented rye
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Refined wheat bread
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Rye + high dose inulin + low dose gluten
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Active Comparator: Refined wheat bread
Refined wheat bread.
Other: Rye + equal doses of inulin & gluten
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Rye + low dose inulin + high dose gluten
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Large non-supplemented rye
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Small non-supplemented rye
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.
Other: Rye + high dose inulin + low dose gluten
In a randomized cross-over design each subject receive one of six iso-caloric breakfasts on six different occasions, separated by 1 w wash-out.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Subjective appetite profiles
Time Frame: 8 h (-30, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, 360, 390, 420, 450, 480)
Subjective feelings of appetite (satiety, hunger and desire to eat) are assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) (in total 18 measurements).
8 h (-30, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, 360, 390, 420, 450, 480)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Breath hydrogen and methane response
Time Frame: 8 h (-30, 30, 90, 150, 210, 270, 330, 390, 450, 480)
Measurements of the concentration of breath hydrogen and methane(in total 10 measurements).
8 h (-30, 30, 90, 150, 210, 270, 330, 390, 450, 480)
Gastric emptying rate
Time Frame: 8 h (-15, 15, 35, 65, 95, 125, 185, 230, 275, 305, 365, 470)
Paracetamol (1 g) was taken with breakfast. The appearance of paracetamol in the blood is directly related to the rate of gastric emptying.
8 h (-15, 15, 35, 65, 95, 125, 185, 230, 275, 305, 365, 470)
Glucose and hormonal response
Time Frame: 8 h (-15, 15, 35, 65, 95, 125, 185, 230, 275, 305, 365, 470)
Glucose, insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulino-tropic polypeptide (GIP), peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), leptin and ghrelin are measured in plasma samples.
8 h (-15, 15, 35, 65, 95, 125, 185, 230, 275, 305, 365, 470)
Metabolic profiles
Time Frame: 8 h (-15, 15, 35, 65, 95, 125, 185, 230, 275, 305, 365, 470)
The flux of nutrients is measured in plasma samples.
8 h (-15, 15, 35, 65, 95, 125, 185, 230, 275, 305, 365, 470)
Products from bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre
Time Frame: 8 h (-15, 15, 35, 65, 95, 125, 185, 230, 275, 305, 365, 470)
Products from bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre are measured in plasma samples.
8 h (-15, 15, 35, 65, 95, 125, 185, 230, 275, 305, 365, 470)
Ad libitum food intake
Time Frame: 8 h after breakfast (480 min)
Energy intakes will be assessed from the ad libitum dinner in order to validate subjective appetite measurements.
8 h after breakfast (480 min)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Uppsala University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Rikard K Landberg, Ass. Prof., Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
March 1, 2013

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 1, 2013

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
September 16, 2013

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 15, 2013

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
October 18, 2013

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
October 22, 2013

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 21, 2013

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
October 1, 2013

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • SLU-IL-S1

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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