Metabolic, Endocrine and Appetite-related Responses in Healthy, Adolescent Males After Acute and Daily Milk Consumption

Comprising two experiments, the investigators assessed the metabolic, endocrine and appetite-related responses to acute (1-d, part 1) and daily mid-morning milk consumption (28-d, part 2) in adolescent males (15-18 y).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Appetite Regulation
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: milk; Other: orange fruit-juice

Detailed Description

The aims of the present study were twofold. Firstly, this study sought to examine the acute (1-d) effects of mid-morning milk consumption on subsequent metabolic, endocrine and appetite-related responses relative to an isoenergetic and isovolumetric serving of fruit-juice (part 1). Considering the putative mechanisms of milk consumption on appetite, feeding behavior and metabolism no studies are available that have explored the impact of daily milk or dairy food consumption on the above mentioned constructs in children and adolescents. This study therefore also aimed to compare the effect of daily (28-d) mid-morning milk or fruit-juice consumption on the above mentioned constructs (part 2).

Eleven adolescents participated in part 1 of this study and completed two trials (milk or fruit-juice mid-morning snack) in a randomized crossover design. For part 2, a parallel design with two intervention groups was employed. Participants were randomly allocated to groups, and received either a milk (n = 10) or an isocaloric and isovolumetric fruit-juice (n = 9) mid-morning snack for 28-d. On laboratory visits (for both part 1 and 2) participants remained at rest for 180 min. During this time, circulating concentrations of GLP-17-36, glucagon, insulin, leptin and blood glucose were determined. Measures of energy expenditure, substrate metabolism and subjective appetite were also collected. At 180 min, a homogenous ad libitum pasta meal was provided. For the remainder of the study day, subsequent energy intake was recorded utilizing a combined weighed self-reported food record and 24-h dietary recall technique.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 30
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 15 years to 18 years (Child, Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male
2. Non diabetic
3. 15-18 yrs

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Are outside of the stipulated age range (15-18 years old)
2. A diabetic
3. Hold an aversion/dislike to milk, milk based products and the test meals provided.
4. Are known to be lactose intolerant
5. Currently taking any form of medication known to affect taste, smell and appetite
6. Female

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: milk; semi-skimmed milk (< 2% fat, Tesco, UK). All items were isovolumetric (217 mL) and isoenergetic (427 kJ).	Other: milk; small serving (217 mL) of british semi-skimmed milk
Active Comparator: orange fruit-juice; orange fruit-juice (Tesco, UK). All items were isovolumetric (217 mL) and isoenergetic (427 kJ).	Other: orange fruit-juice; small serving (217 mL) of orange juice

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Postprandial glucagon area under the curve	Fingertip-capillary measures of GLP-1 were collected at 30 min intervals throughout the 180 min protocol.	180 min

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Postprandial glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP) area under the curve	Fingertip-capillary measures of glucagon were collected at 30 min intervals throughout the 180 min protocol.	180 min

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Postprandial insulin area under the curve	Fingertip-capillary measures of insulin were collected at 30 min intervals throughout the 180 min protocol.	180 min
Postprandial leptin area under the curve	Fingertip-capillary measures of insulin were collected at 30 min intervals throughout the 180 min protocol.	180 min
Postprandial blood glucose area under the curve	Fingertip-capillary measures of insulin were collected at 30 min intervals throughout the 180 min protocol.	180 min
Feeding behaviour	Energy intake was assessed at 180 min via an ad libitum pasta meal. Here subjects ate the pasta meal until they identified they were comfortably full. On completion of this, participants self-reported their energy intake for the remainder of the study day after leaving the laboratory.	assessed at 180 min and following 24 h
Energy Expenditure	Measures of energy expenditure were calculated, through the use of Douglass Bags, for 300 seconds at 30 min intervals throughout the 180 min protocol.	180 min
Substrate oxidation	Measures of substrate oxidation were calculated, through the use of Douglass Bags, for 300 seconds at 30 min intervals throughout the 180 min protocol.	180 min
Subjective appetite	Subjective measures of appetite were collected at 30 min intervals throughout the 180 min protocol.	180 min

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Northumbria University
• Collaborators: Dairy Council, United Kingdom
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Benjamin P Green, MSc, Northumbria University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: June 1, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 18, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 30, 2015
• First Posted (Estimate): July 1, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): September 28, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 27, 2016
• Last Verified: September 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: appetite; Dairy; feeding behaviour
• Other Study ID Numbers: HLS-12-290413