Custom Molded Foot Orthoses Effect on Foot Kinematics and Lower Extremity Electromyography During Walking and Running. (SOLE)

April 29, 2015 updated by: Juan C. Garbalosa, PT, PhD, Quinnipiac University

The Effect of Two Different Custom Molded Foot Orthoses on Inter-segmental Foot Kinematics and the EMG Activity of Selected Lower Leg Muscles During Walking and Running.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two types of in-shoe custom made orthotics in altering the motion of the foot and muscle activity of select muscles of the lower leg in individuals experiencing lower extremity symptoms of a non traumatic origin. We hypothesized that orthotics would decrease the extent of motion of the during walking and running when compared to a barefoot condition. The investigators further hypothesized that orthotics would decrease the amount of muscle activity seen during walking and running when compared to barefoot walking.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
80

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Connecticut
      • Hamden, Connecticut, United States, 06518
        • Motion Analysis Laboratory, Quinnipiac Unviersity

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 60 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Subjects must have complaints of lower extremity or foot pain of a non-traumatic, mechanical origin.
  • Subjects must have at least 60 degrees of frontal plane forefoot on rearfoot passive range of motion (as determined by a modified Gib test in the symptomatic lower extremity.
  • Subjects must be able to walk independently on a treadmill at a speed of 4.8 kmh.
  • Subjects must have been referred by a health care professional for an orthosis fitting.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Subjects having less than 60 degrees of forefoot on rearfoot frontal plane passive range of motion.
  • Subjects having a history of a fracture of the foot or ankle.
  • Subjects having any previous illness, surgery or other characteristic (e.g., cardiovascular, musculoskeletal or neuromuscular problems) that would affect their lower extremity function or ability to walk independently.
  • Subjects having knee, lower leg or foot pain of a non-mechanical nature.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Full Contact Orthosis
Device: Full Contact Orthosis
The Full Contact orthosis is constructed from a 5/32" blue polypropylene with posting material comprised of white polypropylene.
Experimental: Maximal Arch Subtalar Stabilization
Maximal Arch Subtalar Stabilization Orthoses
Device: Maximal Arch Subtalar Stabilization
Custom made semi-rigid thermoplastic heel cup extending to the base of the metatarsals with a full foot length 3.0mm thick EVA and ultra-suede top cover

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Maximum Rearfoot Eversion Motion During Stance
Time Frame: Absolute values measured at 5 weeks
The rearfoot eversion motion during the stance phase of walking with the subject wearing a sandal and their assigned orthotic (Full Contact or Maximal Arch Subtalar Stabilization) was recorded 5 weeks post receiving their assigned orthotic. The stance phase of walking was divided into 4 subphases (Phase 1: 0 to 17%, Phase 2: 18 to 50%, Phase 3: 51 to 83%, and Phase 3: 84 to 100% of stance) and the maximum rearfoot eversion during each subphase determined.
Absolute values measured at 5 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Maximum Electromyographic Activity of Lower Leg Muscles
Time Frame: Absolute values measured at 5 weeks
The maximum electromyographic activity of the lower leg muscles is with respect to the barefoot condition. The electromyographic activity of the lower extremity muscles were recorded during the stance phase of walking while barefoot and while wearing their assigned orthotic (Full Contact or Maximal Arch Subtalar Stabilization). All electromyographic measurements were taken at the 5 week time point. The peak electromyographic activity during the stance phase of barefoot walking was determined. The electromyographic activity during the orthotic condition was amplitude normalized to the barefoot condition by dividing the electromyographic activity of the orthotic condition by the peak barefoot electromyographic activity and multiplying by 100. The stance phase of walking was then divided into 4 subphases (Phase 1: 0 to 17%, Phase 2: 18 to 50%, Phase 3: 51 to 83%, and Phase 3: 84 to 100% of stance) and the peak amplitude normalized electromyographic activity of each subphase det
Absolute values measured at 5 weeks
Maximum Forefoot Inversion During Stance
Time Frame: Absolute values measured at 5 weeks
The forefoot inversion motion during the stance phase of walking with the subject wearing a sandal and their assigned orthotic (Full Contact or Maximal Arch Subtalar Stabilization) was recorded 5 weeks post receiving their assigned orthotic. The stance phase of walking was divided into 4 subphases (Phase 1: 0 to 17%, Phase 2: 18 to 50%, Phase 3: 51 to 83%, and Phase 3: 84 to 100% of stance) and the maximum forefoot inversion during each subphase determined.
Absolute values measured at 5 weeks
Maximum First Ray Complex Plantarflexion During Stance
Time Frame: Absolute values measured at 5 weeks
The first ray complex plantarflexion during the stance phase of walking with the subject wearing a sandal and their assigned orthotic (Full Contact or Maximal Arch Subtalar Stabilization) was recorded 5 weeks post receiving their assigned orthotic. The stance phase of walking was divided into 4 subphases (Phase 1: 0 to 17%, Phase 2: 18 to 50%, Phase 3: 51 to 83%, and Phase 3: 84 to 100% of stance) and the maximum first ray complex plantarflexion during each subphase determined.
Absolute values measured at 5 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Quinnipiac University

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Sole Supports, Inc

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Juan C Garbalosa, PT, PhD, Quinnipiac University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 1, 2008

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
April 1, 2009

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
April 1, 2010

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
May 19, 2014

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 19, 2014

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 21, 2014

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 18, 2015

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 29, 2015

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • HEC 1404

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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