Addressing Body Image Issues While Teaching Academic Course: The Group- Theory and Practice

August 31, 2017 updated by: Tel Hai College

Addressing Body Image Issues While Teaching Academic Course: Efficacy Trial of Innovative Academic Initiative

MSc. course addressing the issue of body image among nutrition students while delivering the course "The group- theory and practice". A non-randomized controlled trial was conducted between 2014 and 2016 with 135 dietetics' students in Tel Hai Academic College, Israel. Changes in body image and eating disorders features were assessed between course conclusion and baseline among participants within controlled efficacy study.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

An innovative MSc. course addressing the issue of body image among nutrition students while delivering the course "The group- theory and practice". A non-randomized controlled trial was conducted between 2014 and 2016 with 135 dietetics' students in Tel Hai Academic College, Israel. All stages of the project were compliant with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants in the study. Changes in body image and eating disorders features were assessed between course conclusion and baseline among participants within controlled efficacy study.

The primary task of the described course is four folded:

  1. Explore the theory and practice of key dimensions of groups and group facilitation.
  2. Active participation in body image group
  3. Develop deep understanding of the dynamics and processes through participants' own experience and behavior as it occurs in real time.
  4. Develop ideas about how and what have been learned, that can be applied to their role as nutritionists and group facilitators.

The described course provides an alternative to the traditional psycho-education approach using an experiential and analogize approach during the course sessions. The three parts session starts with 45 minutes of frontal lecture focused on group theories. In the next 45 minutes, half of the students participate in a body image group while the other half serve as outside observers using structured forms. All participants filled the day before structured exercise, which expose them to the main issues that will be discussed and practiced in the group session. In the last 45 minutes, the observers report about their observation and the whole class discuss the group dynamics observed. The course includes 42 hours, 3 hours in each of the 14 sessions.

This model of learning emphasize deep learning of the "participant role" as well as the "facilitator role".

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
139

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Israel
      • Kiryat Shmona, Israel, 1220800
        • Tel Hai Academic College

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • ADULT
  • OLDER_ADULT
  • CHILD

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Must be student enrolled at Tel-Hai Academic College.
  • Must be among first 20 students to sign up for the course.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Non-students.
  • Not among first 20 students to sign up for the course.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: OTHER
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: NONE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
EXPERIMENTAL: Active participants
The first 20 students who signed up for the course: "The group- theory and practice" were included. No exclusion criteria were used. Full attendance in the course which includes 13 sessions was mandatory. In each session, students were assigned to different body image tasks that were discussed in the coming session. All students completed a self-report questionnaire at baseline and conclusion of the course.
Behavioral: Academic course "The group- theory and practice"
Active participation in the course "The group- theory and practice".
NO_INTERVENTION: Controls
All the other students, that requested to sign up for the course but did not have a place, served as control group. All students completed a self-report questionnaire at baseline and conclusion of the course.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire
Time Frame: Each participant was be assessed for a total duration of 4 months, measuring a change in rosenberg self esteem scale
The Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire in (Rosenberg, 1965). It contains 10 items rated on a scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). The total score is obtained via summation with items 2,5,6,8,9 being scored oppositely. Scores on the RSE have been shown to demonstrate acceptable internal consistency, test-retest reliability over a 2-week period, and convergent validity (Robinson & Shaver, 1973)
Each participant was be assessed for a total duration of 4 months, measuring a change in rosenberg self esteem scale
The Body Image States Scale (BISS)
Time Frame: Each participant was be assessed for a total duration of 4 months, measuring a change in The Body Image States Scale
The Body Image States Scale (BISS) (Cash, 2002). Measures persons' evaluative/affective body-image states. It is a six-item scale with acceptably internally consistent. Scoring of the BISS: The measure is the composite mean of the six 9-point items. The measure should be scored so that low scores reflect more negative body image states and high scores reflect more positive states. Prior to taking the mean of the six items, reverse score items 2, 4, and 6.
Each participant was be assessed for a total duration of 4 months, measuring a change in The Body Image States Scale
The Body Shape Questionnaire BSQ-34
Time Frame: Each participant was assessed for a total duration of 4 months, measuring a change in The Body Shape Questionnaire BSQ-34
The Body Shape Questionnaire BSQ-34 (BSQ; Cooper et al.,1986), a 34-item self-report measure of body dissatisfaction cognitions and preoccupation, consists of items rated on a frequency scale of one ("never") to six ("always") and yields a range of total scores from 34 to 204.
Each participant was assessed for a total duration of 4 months, measuring a change in The Body Shape Questionnaire BSQ-34
The Eating Disorder Inventory-2
Time Frame: Each participant was assessed for a total duration of 4 months, measuring a change in The Eating Disorder Inventory-2
The Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) (Garner, 1991). This self-report inventory contains 91 items divided into eleven subscales rated on a 0-4 point scoring system. 3 items are specific to eating disorders and 8 are general psychological scales that while not specific are relevant to eating disorders.
Each participant was assessed for a total duration of 4 months, measuring a change in The Eating Disorder Inventory-2
The Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults
Time Frame: Each participant was assessed for a total duration of 4 months, measuring a change in The Body Esteem Scale
The Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BES) (Mendelson, Mendelson, & White, 2001) was used to measure self-evaluation of body appearance. A total score was computed, with higher values indicating more positive body-esteem.
Each participant was assessed for a total duration of 4 months, measuring a change in The Body Esteem Scale
The Body Appreciation Scale
Time Frame: Each participant was assessed for a total duration of 4 months, measuring a change in The Body Appreciation Scale
The Body Appreciation Scale (BAS) (Avalos et al, 2005). A 13 items self-report questionnaire reflecting aspects of positive body image. Items were designed to assess the extent to which women: (a) hold favorable opinions of their bodies, (b) accept their bodies in spite of their weight, body shape, and imperfections, (c) respect their bodies by attending to their body's needs and engaging in healthy behaviors, and (d) protect their body image by rejecting unrealistic images of the thin-ideal prototype portrayed in the media. BAS items are rated along a 5-point scale (i.e., 1 = never, 2 = seldom, 3 = sometimes, 4 = often, 5 = always) and are averaged to obtain an overall body appreciation score. Higher scores reflect greater body appreciation.
Each participant was assessed for a total duration of 4 months, measuring a change in The Body Appreciation Scale
Satisfaction
Time Frame: Each participant was assessed at the end of the intervention, for 1 day (while completing questionnaire).
Overall satisfaction from course was rated on a scale of 1 to 5
Each participant was assessed at the end of the intervention, for 1 day (while completing questionnaire).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Demographic information
Time Frame: Each participant was assessed at baseline, for 1 day (while completing questionnaire).
Demographic information was obtained from each participant at baseline.
Each participant was assessed at baseline, for 1 day (while completing questionnaire).
Personal details: social security number, age, email address
Time Frame: Each participant was assessed at baseline, for 1 day (while completing questionnaire).
Personal details were obtained from each participant at baseline.
Each participant was assessed at baseline, for 1 day (while completing questionnaire).

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Tel Hai College

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
August 1, 2013

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 1, 2016

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 1, 2017

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
August 27, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 31, 2017

First Posted (ACTUAL)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
September 1, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
September 1, 2017

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 31, 2017

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • Tel Hai Academic College

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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