Aversive Therapy for Smoking Cessation

July 14, 2021 updated by: Nipam Shah, MD, University of Alabama at Birmingham

Acceptability and Feasibility of Self Administered Aversive Therapy for Smoking Cessation

The purpose of this research study is to test a new way to help people quit smoking. The PI will test acceptability and feasibility of a new device called Pavlok wearable wrist band. Participants will be smokers who are highly motivated to quit. Participants will be randomized into intervention and control groups.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The participants will be evaluated after 1 week and assessed for their ongoing participation and commitment to the study. Those still interested and eligible will be randomized to two groups described below and will continue the study for 3 more weeks. There will be follow up surveys at various time points while wearing the wristband (1 week, 2 week, 3 weeks) and a final survey at T=3 months.

The intervention group will continue to wear the wristband and the wristband will deliver a slight electric stimulus every time it is pressed.

The placebo group will wear continue to press the button on the wristband but it will not give a slight electric stimulus when pressed. Both groups will wear the device for a total of 4 weeks.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
48

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Alabama
      • Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35294
        • Univeristy of Alabama at Birmingham

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

19 years to 99 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Current smoker (defined by the Center for Disease Control as an "adult who has smoked 100 cigarettes in his or her lifetime and who currently smokes cigarettes ". This will be determined based on participant baseline survey.
  • Interested in quitting (contemplation stage and beyond, as defined by serious consideration of quitting smoking in the next 30 days
  • Subject is equal to or greater than 19 years old
  • Considers themselves "tech savvy" (based on self reported 5 point likert scale)
  • Must have a smart phone with blue tooth capabilities
  • Willing to receive aversive therapy if assigned to this group.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Anyone with a diagnosed arrhythmia or with a pacemaker or with a phobia or history of psychosis.
  • Non-English speaking caregivers
  • Lives outside of contiguous United States

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Pavlok wristband with electric stimulus
Participants in intervention group will wear wristband and will get a slight electric stimulus when they press the device
Other: Pavlok wristband with electric stimulus
it is a device for various behavior modifications in the form of wristband which participants will wear on the wrist. Device has maximum voltage of 0-500 volts, delivers a electric stimulus for a maximum of 1 sec and average duration of 0.2 secs
Placebo Comparator: Pavlok wristband without electric stimulus
Participants in control group will wear wristband and will not get a slight electric stimulus when they press the device
Other: Pavlok wristband without electric stimulus
it is a device for various behavior modifications in the form of wristband which participants will wear on the wrist. Participants will not receive any electric stimulus since this feature will be turned off.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Participants acceptability: short customized survey
Time Frame: T=0 to 3 months
Participants' acceptability/satisfaction will be assessed using a short customized survey. The survey will include 8 questions with options ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree for five questions and ranging from satisfaction to dissatisfaction for the remainder 3 questions. Each question will be evaluated individually.
T=0 to 3 months
Evaluate the dropout among participants
Time Frame: T=0 to 3 months
Number of participants dropped out from time of randomization. Dropout is defined as missing two follow up assessments.
T=0 to 3 months
Enrollment percentage of eligible participants
Time Frame: Baseline to T=0
PI will evaluate the percentage of participants that were enrolled after the 1 week run in period.
Baseline to T=0
Percentage of time wristband worn by participants
Time Frame: T=0 to one week
PI will evaluate the percentage of time the wristband is worn. Instructions will be given to wear the wristband all of the waking hours.
T=0 to one week
Percentage of time wristband worn by participants
Time Frame: from one week to two weeks
PI will evaluate the percentage of time the wristband is worn. Instructions will be given to wear the wristband all of the waking hours.
from one week to two weeks
Percentage of time wristband worn by participants
Time Frame: from two week to three weeks
PI will evaluate the percentage of time the wristband is worn. Instructions will be given to wear the wristband all of the waking hours.
from two week to three weeks
Participants satisfaction: short customized survey
Time Frame: T=0 to 3 months
Participants' acceptability/satisfaction will be assessed using a short customized survey. The survey will be a Likert scale and will include 2 questions with options ranging from satisfied to dissatisfied (with 1 indicating satisfaction and 5 indicating dissatisfaction). One other question is a likert scale with options ranging from 1-3 with 1 indicating the device was very useful and 3 indicating the device was not at all useful. A higher score indicates a worse outcome (less satisfaction with the device). Each question will be evaluated individually.
T=0 to 3 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Percentage of participants that made a quit attempt
Time Frame: From T=0 to one week
PI will evaluate the percentage of participants that made a quit attempt as defined by absence of smoking for more than 24 hours in the previous seven days. This will be assessed through the follow up survey given at various intervals.
From T=0 to one week
Percentage of participants that made a quit attempt
Time Frame: From T=1 week to 2 weeks
PI will evaluate the percentage of participants that made a quit attempt as defined by absence of smoking for more than 24 hours in the previous seven days. This will be assessed through the follow up survey given at various intervals.
From T=1 week to 2 weeks
Percentage of participants that made a quit attempt
Time Frame: From T= 2 weeks to 3 weeks
PI will evaluate the percentage of participants that made a quit attempt as defined by absence of smoking for more than 24 hours in the previous seven days. This will be assessed through the follow up survey given at various intervals.
From T= 2 weeks to 3 weeks
Average Degree of smoking reduction
Time Frame: From baseline to 3 months
PI will evaluate the average percentage of smoking reduction. This will be quantified by the average number of cigarettes smoked at baseline compared to the average number of cigarettes smoked at 3 months. This will be assessed via the "Follow survey".
From baseline to 3 months
Percentage of participants who had cessation of smoking.
Time Frame: T=0 to T= 3 weeks
P will evaluate the percentage of participants who had cessation of smoking, as defined by the absence of smoking in the previous 30 days. This will be evaluated by the "Three month Questionnaire"
T=0 to T= 3 weeks
Before and after smoking self-efficacy score
Time Frame: Baseline to 3 months
The PI will evaluate the self-efficacy of the participant as evaluated by the "Baseline Smoking self-efficacy scale Short form". There are 9 questions which will assess the confidence of the participant to not smoke.The investigators will use Likert scale for each question which assesses the participants confidence to "not smoke" in various circumstances. The answers range from 1 to 5 with 1 indicating "not at all confident" and 5 indicating "extremely confident". The overall score for each participant will be calculated by sum of scores from all items. This score for individual subscales will be calculated by sum item scores so that the total score will range from 9 to 45, with a lower score indicating a worse outcome i.e. less confidence to not smoke).
Baseline to 3 months
Stage of change
Time Frame: From baseline until 3 months
The investigators will use Likert scale for each question to evaluate the motivation to change. A score of 1 indicates that the participant has no intention to quit smoking and the score of 5 indicates that the participant is highly motivated. Evaluate the initial stage of change of the participant as judged by "Screening Questionnaire, Stage of Change". There is only 1 question.
From baseline until 3 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Alabama at Birmingham

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Laura Rochford, MD, University of Alabama at Birmingham

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 20, 2018

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 30, 2020

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
May 1, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 13, 2018

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 22, 2018

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 1, 2018

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
July 15, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 14, 2021

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
September 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • F23234543

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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