Longitudinal Study Evaluating Recovery After Scheduled Cesarean Delivery

January 26, 2026 updated by: Emily E. Sharpe, M.D., Mayo Clinic

Longitudinal Study Evaluating Postpartum Recovery After Scheduled Cesarean Delivery With the Obstetric Quality of Recovery Tool

The purpose of this research is to describe how patients recover after scheduled C-section for the first 3 months.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
66

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Minnesota
      • Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
        • Mayo Clinic in Rochester

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

14 years to 36 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Parturients scheduled for cesarean delivery at Mayo Clinic Hospital Family Birth Center

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Women 18 years of age or older who receive neuraxial anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Less than 18 years of age
  • Gestational age less than 32 weeks
  • Women whose infants have died or are in the neonatal intensive care unit after delivery
  • Inability to read or understand written English
  • Failed neuraxial anesthesia requiring general anesthesia

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: Case-Only
  • Time Perspectives: Cross-Sectional

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Surveys
All participants will complete questionnaires at several time points, ranging from baseline to 3 months post partum.
Other: Surveys
All participants will complete surveys that range in time from baseline to 3 months post partum.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Longitudinal evaluation of global health visual analog scale
Time Frame: Baseline, 24 h, 48 h, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks postpartum
Global health on a scale of 0-100 to indicate current health status with 0 being the worst imaginable health and 100 being the best health imaginable. Plan was to identify the plateau of improvement of GHVAS postpartum.
Baseline, 24 h, 48 h, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks postpartum

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
To determine change in pain levels post C-section using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Time Frame: Baseline, 24 hour, 48 hour, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 3 months
Describes pain from no pain at all to the worst pain imaginable using a 100mm horizontal line
Baseline, 24 hour, 48 hour, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 3 months
Compare opioid consumption post partum
Time Frame: 24 hours, 48 hours, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3months post partum
Compare opioid consumption post partum
24 hours, 48 hours, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3months post partum
Compare non-maternal reasons for delayed hospital discharge
Time Frame: Hospital discharge, approximately 3 days
Document non-maternal reasons for delayed hospital discharge such as NICU admission of neonate, neonatal IV antibiotics, delay in transportation, delay from pediatric team.
Hospital discharge, approximately 3 days
Compare frequency of activities of daily living
Time Frame: Baseline
Activities of daily living are routine activities people do everyday without assistance including eating, bathing, getting dressed, toileting, cooking, cleaning, driving, shopping. Subject will report these activities as not done yet, done once, once/week, do most days, do every day
Baseline
Compare frequency of activities of daily living
Time Frame: 6 weeks postpartum
Activities of daily living are routine activities people do everyday without assistance including eating, bathing, getting dressed, toileting, cooking, cleaning, driving, shopping. Subject will report these activities as not done yet, done once, once/week, do most days, do every day
6 weeks postpartum
Compare Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
Time Frame: 6 weeks postpartum
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is a 10 item questionnaire to identify women who have postpartum depression
6 weeks postpartum
Compare a modified recovery after delivery questionnaire
Time Frame: 6 weeks postpartum
9 questions that ask the mother about feeding baby, sleep, fatigue, bonding, parenting, and social functioning
6 weeks postpartum
Correlation between postpartum ObsQOR-10 and EQ-5D
Time Frame: 6 weeks postpartum
EQ-5D describes current health for mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain, anxiety and on a scale of 0-100 to indicate current health status with 0 being the worst imaginable health and 100 being the best health imaginable. The ObsQOR-10 uses a scale of 0-10 with 0 being none and 10 being the worst imaginable, scoring pain, nausea, dizziness, shivering, comfort level, mobilization, holding baby, feeding baby, personal care, and feeling in control.
6 weeks postpartum
Correlation between postpartum ObsQOR-10 and EQ-5D
Time Frame: 12 weeks postpartum
EQ-5D describes current health for mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain, anxiety and on a scale of 0-100 to indicate current health status with 0 being the worst imaginable health and 100 being the best health imaginable. The ObsQOR-10 uses a scale of 0-10 with 0 being none and 10 being the worst imaginable, scoring pain, nausea, dizziness, shivering, comfort level, mobilization, holding baby, feeding baby, personal care, and feeling in control.
12 weeks postpartum
Correlation between ObsQOR-10 scores at multiple time points
Time Frame: 24 hours, 48 hours, 1 week postpartum
The ObsQOR-10 uses a scale of 0-10 with 0 being none and 10 being the worst imaginable, scoring pain, nausea, dizziness, shivering, comfort level, mobilization, holding baby, feeding baby, personal care, and feeling in control.
24 hours, 48 hours, 1 week postpartum
Correlation between postpartum ObsQOR-10 and EQ-5D
Time Frame: 3 weeks post partum
EQ-5D describes current health for mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain, anxiety and on a scale of 0-100 to indicate current health status with 0 being the worst imaginable health and 100 being the best health imaginable. The ObsQOR-10 uses a scale of 0-10 with 0 being none and 10 being the worst imaginable, scoring pain, nausea, dizziness, shivering, comfort level, mobilization, holding baby, feeding baby, personal care, and feeling in control.
3 weeks post partum

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Mayo Clinic

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Emily E Sharpe, MD, Mayo Clinic

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
February 1, 2021

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 1, 2021

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
November 1, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 7, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 7, 2020

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
July 8, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
January 28, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 26, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 19-012077

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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