The Reliability of ULRT in Overhead Athletes and Its Relationship With Selected UEPT

February 27, 2024 updated by: Birgül Dıngırdan, Hacettepe University

The Reliability of Upper Extremity Rotation Test in Overhead Athletes and Its Relationship With Selected Upper Extremity Performance Tests

Upper Extremity Rotation Test is a new test the evaluates 90-90 position, which is one of the requirements for overhead throwing. The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability of the Upper Extremity Rotation Test in overhead athletes and the relationship between the Closed Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test and the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Upper Extremity Rotation Test is a new test the evaluates 90-90 position, which is one of the requirements for overhead throwing. The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability of the Upper Extremity Rotation Test in overhead athletes and the relationship between the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test and the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test. Upper Extremity Rotation Test was found to be reliable in overhead athletes. Upper Extremity Rotation Test showed high reliability in overhead atheletes. There was no correlation between the Upper Exremity Rotation Test and the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test. A moderate corelation was found between the Upper Extremity Rotation Test and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
48

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Ankara, Turkey
        • Hacettepe University
    • İzmit
      • Kocaeli, İzmit, Turkey
        • Birgül Dıngırdan

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 18-30 years
  • Continuing sports for at least three years for each group (volleyball, handball, baskeball)
  • Athletes training at least three days per week.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals experiencing difficulty understanding what the physiotherapist says.
  • Having a history of orthopedic surgery within the last year

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Sequential Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Other: handball players
Handball players aged between 18 and 35 who have been playing for a minimum of 3 years.
Diagnostic test: Upper Limb Rotation Test
The athlete is positioned with the shoulder, elbow lateral epicondyle, greater trochanter, and ankle lateral malleolus in contact with the wall. In the push-up position, the elbows are started at shoulder height with a 90° bend, and the feet are placed in a shoulder-width apart position. Athletes are instructed to perform a rotation of the shoulder and trunk by touching a vertically placed band on the wall for 15 seconds in the position of 90° abduction and 90° external rotation of the shoulder. The tested side is the upper extremity where the closed kinetic chain position is maintained.
Diagnostic test: Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test
Athletes were placed in a push-up position with a distance of 91.44 centimeters (cm) (3 feet) between their hands for the test position. Subsequently, they were instructed to touch one hand to the other as quickly as possible. The total number of touches within a 15-second period was recorded. Modified push-up position was used for women, and regular push-up position for men during this time. Prior to the test, a familiarization trial consisting of 5 repetitions was performed. The test was then repeated 3 times, and the average of these repetitions was recorded as the score. Individuals were given a 45-second rest period between repetitions. The normalized score, representing the touch count per individual's height, was calculated. The power score was obtained by multiplying the touch count by 68% of the individual's body weight in kilograms.
Diagnostic test: Upper Quarter Y Balance Test
The Upper Extremity Y Balance Test was created using three rulers placed on the ground in the medial, inferolateral, and superolateral directions. The rulers in the superolateral and inferolateral directions were positioned at a 90° angle to each other, while the ruler in the medial direction was placed at a 135° angle with respect to these two directions. In this test, both arms started in a push-up position with shoulder-width apart. The athlete was then instructed to touch, using their non-dominant hand, the maximum reachable point in the medial, inferolateral, and superolateral directions.
Other: volleyball players
volleyball players aged between 18 and 35 who have been playing for a minimum of 3 years.
Diagnostic test: Upper Limb Rotation Test
The athlete is positioned with the shoulder, elbow lateral epicondyle, greater trochanter, and ankle lateral malleolus in contact with the wall. In the push-up position, the elbows are started at shoulder height with a 90° bend, and the feet are placed in a shoulder-width apart position. Athletes are instructed to perform a rotation of the shoulder and trunk by touching a vertically placed band on the wall for 15 seconds in the position of 90° abduction and 90° external rotation of the shoulder. The tested side is the upper extremity where the closed kinetic chain position is maintained.
Diagnostic test: Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test
Athletes were placed in a push-up position with a distance of 91.44 centimeters (cm) (3 feet) between their hands for the test position. Subsequently, they were instructed to touch one hand to the other as quickly as possible. The total number of touches within a 15-second period was recorded. Modified push-up position was used for women, and regular push-up position for men during this time. Prior to the test, a familiarization trial consisting of 5 repetitions was performed. The test was then repeated 3 times, and the average of these repetitions was recorded as the score. Individuals were given a 45-second rest period between repetitions. The normalized score, representing the touch count per individual's height, was calculated. The power score was obtained by multiplying the touch count by 68% of the individual's body weight in kilograms.
Diagnostic test: Upper Quarter Y Balance Test
The Upper Extremity Y Balance Test was created using three rulers placed on the ground in the medial, inferolateral, and superolateral directions. The rulers in the superolateral and inferolateral directions were positioned at a 90° angle to each other, while the ruler in the medial direction was placed at a 135° angle with respect to these two directions. In this test, both arms started in a push-up position with shoulder-width apart. The athlete was then instructed to touch, using their non-dominant hand, the maximum reachable point in the medial, inferolateral, and superolateral directions.
Other: basketball players
Basketball aged between 18 and 35 who have been playing for a minimum of 3 years.
Diagnostic test: Upper Limb Rotation Test
The athlete is positioned with the shoulder, elbow lateral epicondyle, greater trochanter, and ankle lateral malleolus in contact with the wall. In the push-up position, the elbows are started at shoulder height with a 90° bend, and the feet are placed in a shoulder-width apart position. Athletes are instructed to perform a rotation of the shoulder and trunk by touching a vertically placed band on the wall for 15 seconds in the position of 90° abduction and 90° external rotation of the shoulder. The tested side is the upper extremity where the closed kinetic chain position is maintained.
Diagnostic test: Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test
Athletes were placed in a push-up position with a distance of 91.44 centimeters (cm) (3 feet) between their hands for the test position. Subsequently, they were instructed to touch one hand to the other as quickly as possible. The total number of touches within a 15-second period was recorded. Modified push-up position was used for women, and regular push-up position for men during this time. Prior to the test, a familiarization trial consisting of 5 repetitions was performed. The test was then repeated 3 times, and the average of these repetitions was recorded as the score. Individuals were given a 45-second rest period between repetitions. The normalized score, representing the touch count per individual's height, was calculated. The power score was obtained by multiplying the touch count by 68% of the individual's body weight in kilograms.
Diagnostic test: Upper Quarter Y Balance Test
The Upper Extremity Y Balance Test was created using three rulers placed on the ground in the medial, inferolateral, and superolateral directions. The rulers in the superolateral and inferolateral directions were positioned at a 90° angle to each other, while the ruler in the medial direction was placed at a 135° angle with respect to these two directions. In this test, both arms started in a push-up position with shoulder-width apart. The athlete was then instructed to touch, using their non-dominant hand, the maximum reachable point in the medial, inferolateral, and superolateral directions.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The reliability of Upper Extremity Rotation Test
Time Frame: January 2022
The reliability of the Upper Extremity Rotation Test was evaluated.
January 2022

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The Relationship Assessment of the Upper Extremity Rotation Test
Time Frame: February 2022
The relationship between the Upper Extremity Rotation Test and the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test was evaluated.
February 2022

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Hacettepe University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Birgül Dıngırdan, Master's, Sakarya Applied Sciences University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
January 1, 2022

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 1, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
January 10, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 30, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 12, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 20, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
February 28, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 27, 2024

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
February 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • HÜ- FTR- BD- 01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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