Effects of Common Meals on Appetite and Satiety

August 20, 2025 updated by: San Diego State University

Back to the Basics: Metabolic and Appetitive Characteristics of Meals

The objectives of this study are to assess the impacts of meals composed of lean steak and potatoes (with a small portion of broccoli) in comparison to other common entrée/starch food combinations on metabolic and appetite responses.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The objectives of this study are to utilize a novel, ecologically sound approach to assess the acute impacts of meals composed of lean steak and potatoes to other common entrée/starch food/vegetable combinations on metabolic and appetitive responses. Appetitive responses will serve as the primary outcome. Combinations for comparison will include lentil and sweet potato chili, macaroni and cheese, fish tacos, chicken and pea fried rice, pita and hummus, and creamy pork pasta.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
20

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • California
      • San Diego, California, United States, 92182-7251
        • San Diego State University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • ages of 18-50 years
  • BMI between 18-26

Exclusion Criteria:

  • special dietary needs (e.g., gluten-free, etc.),
  • 5% weight change in the previous 2 months,
  • smoking, and substance use.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Arm 1 (lean steak and potatoes)
lean steak and potatoes will be provided to subjects and primary and secondary outcomes will be measured at timelines explained under primary and secondary outcome measures.
Other: lean steak and potatoes
Participants will be fed ~400 kcal lean steak and potatoes on one occasion to test for changes in blood glucose and insulin levels as well as appetite over a 4-hour period of time.
Experimental: Arm 2 (lentil and sweet potato chili )
lentil and sweet potato chili will be provided to subjects and primary and secondary outcomes will be measured at timelines explained under primary and secondary outcome measures.
Other: lentil and sweet potato chili
Participants will be fed ~400 kcal lentil and sweet potato chili on one occasion to test for changes in blood glucose and insulin levels as well as appetite over a 4-hour period of time.
Experimental: Arm 3 (macaroni and cheese)
macaroni and cheese will be provided to subjects and primary and secondary outcomes will be measured at timelines explained under primary and secondary outcome measures.
Other: macaroni and cheese
Participants will be fed ~400 kcal macaroni and cheese on one occasion to test for changes in blood glucose and insulin levels as well as appetite over a 4-hour period of time.
Experimental: Arm 4 (fish tacos)
fish tacos will be provided to subjects and primary and secondary outcomes will be measured at timelines explained under primary and secondary outcome measures.
Other: fish tacos
Participants will be fed ~400 kcal fish tacos on one occasion to test for changes in blood glucose and insulin levels as well as appetite over a 4-hour period of time.
Experimental: Arm 5 (chicken and pea fried rice)
chicken and pea fried rice will be provided to subjects and primary and secondary outcomes will be measured at timelines explained under primary and secondary outcome measures.
Other: chicken and pea fried rice
Participants will be fed ~400 kcal chicken and pea fried rice on one occasion to test for changes in blood glucose and insulin levels as well as appetite over a 4-hour period of time.
Experimental: Arm 6 (pita and hummus)
pita and hummus will be provided to subjects and primary and secondary outcomes will be measured at timelines explained under primary and secondary outcome measures.
Other: pita and hummus
Participants will be fed ~400 kcal pita and hummus on one occasion to test for changes in blood glucose and insulin levels as well as appetite over a 4-hour period of time.
Experimental: Arm 7 (creamy pork pasta)
creamy pork pasta will be provided to subjects and primary and secondary outcomes will be measured at timelines explained under primary and secondary outcome measures.
Other: creamy pork pasta
Participants will be fed ~400 kcal creamy pork pasta on one occasion to test for changes in blood glucose and insulin levels as well as appetite over a 4-hour period of time.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
appetite response
Time Frame: baseline (B), 15 minutes from B, 30 minutes from B, 45 minutes from B, 60 minutes from B, 90 minutes from B, 120 minutes from B, 150 minutes from B, 180 minutes from B, 210 minutes from B, 240 minutes from B
Using 100 mm visual analog scales (score from 0 to 100 and higher score means more)
baseline (B), 15 minutes from B, 30 minutes from B, 45 minutes from B, 60 minutes from B, 90 minutes from B, 120 minutes from B, 150 minutes from B, 180 minutes from B, 210 minutes from B, 240 minutes from B

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
blood glucose
Time Frame: baseline (B), 15 minutes from B, 30 minutes from B, 45 minutes from B, 60 minutes from B, 90 minutes from B, 120 minutes from B, 150 minutes from B, 180 minutes from B, 210 minutes from B, 240 minutes from B
measuring blood glucose level
baseline (B), 15 minutes from B, 30 minutes from B, 45 minutes from B, 60 minutes from B, 90 minutes from B, 120 minutes from B, 150 minutes from B, 180 minutes from B, 210 minutes from B, 240 minutes from B

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
San Diego State University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
August 7, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
March 22, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 22, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 18, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 18, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 24, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 27, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 20, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • HS-2024-0114

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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