3D Printed Enlarged Carpal Models for Anatomy Training

August 4, 2026 updated by: Ramazan KURUL, Abant Izzet Baysal University

Investigation of the Effect of Magnified Carpal Bones Produced With High Resolution 3D Resin Printer on Students' Theoretical and Practical Anatomy Grades and Learning Levels

3D modeling enables medical professionals or students to better understand complex structures. In many studies, 3D printed models have been used in the training, treatment and surgery of medical disciplines such as neuroscience, cardiovascular surgery and otolaryngology. In addition, 3D modeling allows patients' magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) images to be transferred to 3D printers to print these complex structures.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
147

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Merkez
      • Bolu, Merkez, Turkey (Türkiye), 14100
        • Faculty of Health Sciences Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Willing to participate
  • Titmus stereopsis score >40 arc/s

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Previous experience of carpal bones models either in real world or virtual reality
  • History of upper extremity trauma in past 6 months
  • Total or partial eye sight lost

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Other: 3D Printed Model Group Enlarged %100
carpal bone models printed on a 3D resin printer and enlarged by 100% will be used for students' anatomy practical training. Each student will examine the models with direct manipulation for 15 minutes after the theoretical lecture.
Other: Anatomy Training with Enlarged %100 3D Printed Carpal Model Group
After completing the general terminology part of the anatomy education in the first year, the participants will be recruited without moving on to the hand section of the upper extremity. Participants will undergo a 2-hour extra-curricular training, 60 minutes theoretical and 60 minutes practical. The training period will consist of 60 minutes of practical and theoretical lectures to be the same as the time allocated in the normal curriculum of the region. A 60-minute theoretical lecture on the anatomy of the carpal bone supported by 2-dimensional anatomical pictures will be given to both groups at the same time. Then they will take the practical lesson with carpal bones printed with 100% magnification on a 3D printer for 60 minutes.
Other: 3D Printed Model Group Enlarged %50
carpal bone models printed on a 3D resin printer and enlarged by 50% will be used for students' anatomy practical training. Each student will examine the models with direct manipulation for 15 minutes after the theoretical lecture.
Other: Anatomy Training with Enlarged %50 3D Printed Carpal Model Group
After completing the general terminology part of the anatomy education in the first year, the participants will be recruited without moving on to the hand section of the upper extremity. Participants will undergo a 2-hour extra-curricular training, 60 minutes theoretical and 30 minutes practical. The training period will consist of 60 minutes of practical and theoretical lectures to be the same as the time allocated in the normal curriculum of the region. A 60-minute theoretical lecture on the anatomy of the carpal bone supported by 2-dimensional anatomical pictures will be given to both groups at the same time. Then they will take the practical lesson with carpal bones printed with 50% magnification on a 3D printer for 60 minutes.
Active Comparator: Control Group
Standard carpal bone models will be used for student's anatomical practical training. Each student will examine the models with direct manipulation for 15 minutes after the theoretical lecture.
Other: Anatomy Training with Conventional Carpal Models
After completing the general terminology part of the anatomy education in the first year, the participants will be recruited without moving on to the hand section of the upper extremity. Participants will undergo a 2-hour extra-curricular training, 60 minutes theoretical and 60 minutes practical. The training period will consist of 60 minutes of practical and theoretical lectures to be the same as the time allocated in the normal curriculum of the region. A 60-minute theoretical lecture on the anatomy of the carpal bone supported by 2-dimensional anatomical pictures will be given to both groups at the same time. They will then have a 60 minutes practical lesson with a standard sized printed model.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Quiz Scores
Time Frame: 1 hour
In order to measure the anatomical terminology and general knowledge of the students, a general test will be applied before the pre-test and the groups will be distributed according to this test score. Then, a total of 20 theoretical and 20 practical questions of 10 questions each will be prepared to be used in the pre-test and post-test. The questions will be under the headings of bony prominences, neighborhood, important structures, adhesion sites and function.
1 hour

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Model rating with Visual Analogue Scale
Time Frame: 1 hour
After the completion of the final exam, a visual analog scale will be used to evaluate the model. Participants will mark the level of detail, appropriateness of weight, ease of learning, ease of grasping and direct manipulation, and ease of distinguishing details/details on a 10 cm long straight line.
1 hour
Test Anxiety Inventory
Time Frame: 1 hour
A short version of the 5-item Test Anxiety Inventory consisting of 5 questions will be used to examine whether there is a change in the amount of anxiety students experience during the exam.
1 hour
Academic motivation Scale
Time Frame: 1 hour
The Test-Taking Motivation questionnaire scale will be used to assess the motivation of the participants. The scale consists of 22 questions and 7 subscales and assesses amotivation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
1 hour
Enjoyment and Ease of Use Assessmen
Time Frame: 1 hour
Participants will fill out a feedback questionnaire regarding the learning instruments using visual analogue scale.
1 hour

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Abant Izzet Baysal University

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Ramazan Kurul, Ph.D, Abant Izzet Baysal University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
January 1, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 1, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 15, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
October 11, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 11, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
October 15, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 6, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 4, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • AIBU-FTR-RK-09

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

data of this study will be available after the publication of the study and will be usable upon citing the related article

IPD Sharing Time Frame

After the publication of the study

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

upon citing the related article

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP
  • ICF
  • CSR

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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