Excretion of Rivaroxaban in Human Breast Milk (LACT)

July 14, 2025 updated by: Rupsa C. Boelig, Thomas Jefferson University
The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of rivaroxaban into human milk at both therapeutic and prophylactic doses, and over time with repeated dosing.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The aim of our study is to perform a phase 1, single arm clinical trial to investigate the distribution of rivaroxaban into human milk at both therapeutic and prophylactic maternal doses. Our goal is to enhance the limited, although positive, data regarding the safety of rivaroxaban in breastfeeding. Our novel contributions to the existing body of literature will be in our investigation of rivaroxaban at both prophylactic and therapeutic doses, in repeated doses over time, and in a larger sample of participants. These results will provide physicians and national societies with safety data needed to properly counsel patients and advance clinical guidelines for postpartum care.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
10

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Pennsylvania
      • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19107
        • Recruiting
        • Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Rupsa C Boelig, MD

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Postpartum within 6 weeks of delivery
  2. Greater than 18 years old at expected date of delivery
  3. English speaking
  4. Hemodynamically stable without concern for ongoing blood loss
  5. Non-breastfeeding
  6. Or breastfeeding an infant born at or equal to 37 weeks' gestation, weighing >2600g at birth and is not requiring intensive care
  7. Meet inclusion criteria for prophylactic rivaroxaban dose: pre-pregnancy BMI >/= 40 and/or any personal history of VTE. Or >/= 2 of the following: pre-pregnancy BMI 30-39, immobility, pregnancy complications, cesarean delivery, hysterectomy
  8. Or meet inclusion criteria for therapeutic rivaroxaban dose: have an indication for therapeutic anticoagulation per the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' (ACOG) practice bulletin #196, or other indication per their primary team, and recommended for such anticoagulation per their primary practitioner.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Pregnant
  2. Less than 18 years old at estimated date of delivery
  3. Hemodynamic instability and/or concern for ongoing blood loss
  4. Newly diagnosed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) in the postpartum period
  5. Abnormal maternal renal or liver function (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min and/or liver function tests greater than lab normal)
  6. A contraindication to rivaroxaban: hypersensitivity to rivaroxaban; active pathological bleeding
  7. Breastfeeding an infant admitted to neonatal intensive care unit, infant gestational age at birth <37w0d or weighing <2600g.
  8. If all of the following are met: age less than 40, ambulating, body mass index (BMI) less than 30, no active history of malignancy.
  9. If patient lacks indication for therapeutic anticoagulation in the postpartum period per the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' (ACOG) practice bulletin #196

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: Prophylactic rivaroxaban
Patients will receive 10 mg daily of rivaroxaban starting by the first postpartum day. The medication will be ordered by their postpartum physician team through the inpatient pharmacy and dispensed by their inpatient nursing team, as per standard of care. The decision for dose 10 mg vs 20 mg of rivaroxaban is based on inclusion criteria and patient's physician team's recommendation for prophylactic (10 mg) vs. therapeutic (20 mg) dosing.
Drug: Rivaroxaban 10 MG Oral Tablet
10mg rivaroxaban daily
Other Names:
  • Xarelto
Active Comparator: Therapeutic or Intermediate dose rivaroxaban
Patients will receive 20 mg daily of rivaroxaban starting by the first postpartum day. The medication will be ordered by their postpartum physician team through the inpatient pharmacy and dispensed by their inpatient nursing team, as per standard of care. The decision for 10 mg vs 20 mg of rivaroxaban is based on inclusion criteria and patient's physician team's recommendation for prophylactic (10 mg) vs. therapeutic (20 mg) dosing.
Drug: Rivaroxaban 20 MG Oral Tablet
20mg rivaroxaban daily

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Concentration of rivaroxaban in breast milk
Time Frame: Postpartum day 1
Time/Concentration profile of rivaroxaban in breast milk prior to intake (0) and 3, 6, 12, 15 and 24 hours following morning dose on day 0-1
Postpartum day 1
Concentration of rivaroxaban in breast milk
Time Frame: Postpartum week 6
Time/concentration profile of rivaroxaban in breast milk 3 hours following morning dose on day 2 and onward
Postpartum week 6
Absolute infant dose of rivaroxaban
Time Frame: 6 week postpartum
The absolute infant dose is calculated from average drug concentrations in breast milk multiplied by an estimated breast milk intake of 150 mL/kg/day.
6 week postpartum
Relative infant dose
Time Frame: 6 weeks postpartum
The relative infant dose is the absolute infant dose expressed as a percentage of the weight adjusted maternal dose, based on an average maternal weight of 75 kg. It is expressed in mg/kg/day.
6 weeks postpartum

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Thomas Jefferson University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 1, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
April 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
July 31, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 12, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 12, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 18, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
July 17, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 14, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
July 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • iRISID-2025-0397

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

The participant data will be kept confidential and access will be limited to the study investigators in order to respect the privacy of the participants.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

Yes

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

Yes

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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