Establishment of Screening Pathway for High-Risk Population of Type 1 Diabetes

March 9, 2026 updated by: Peking University First Hospital
This study aims to establish a system for identifying and screening high-risk individuals for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and a standardized management pathway for high-risk individuals. It is a prospective cohort study. We plan to enroll 340 eligible subjects, including 40 healthy controls of the same gender and age, 150 T1D patients, and 150 first-degree relatives of T1D patients. The follow-up visit cycle for T1D patients and their first-degree relatives is 4 years. Blood samples will be collected annually for genetic polymorphism testing, pancreatic islet-related autoantibody measurement, blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and pancreatic function assessment. Urine samples will be collected for urine proteomics measurement. Fecal samples will be collected for fecal intestinal microbiota measurement. The value of pancreatic islet autoantibody markers in predicting T1D high-risk individuals will be evaluated, and a multi-gene risk score (PRS) prediction model will be established for subtypes of T1D, including acute and chronic T1D. A comprehensive T1D high-risk individual identification and screening system will be established and promoted for application.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

  1. For patients with type 1 diabetes, the intervention includes two aspects: Firstly, at the time of subject enrollment, a 12-hour structured course is conducted, covering various aspects such as diabetes diet, exercise, blood sugar monitoring, insulin injection, complication prevention, and psychological adjustment. Secondly, regular outpatient follow-ups are carried out, with a frequency of once every 3 months. The follow-up content includes routine outpatient visit-related items, such as blood sugar, islet function, liver and kidney function, blood lipid, etc., as well as screening for diabetes complications. Follow-ups are conducted regularly based on the time of type 1 diabetes diagnosis.
  2. For the first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes: At the time of subject enrollment, blood samples are taken for genetic polymorphism testing, islet-related autoantibody determination, blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, and islet function assessment; urine samples are collected for urine proteomics determination. Stool samples are collected for stool intestinal flora determination. Subsequently, follow-ups are conducted once a year, with blood sampling and collection of urine and stool samples for the same items as in the baseline follow-up.
  3. For healthy control populations, no follow-up arrangements are made. At the time of subject enrollment, blood samples are taken for genetic polymorphism testing, islet-related autoantibody determination, blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, and islet function assessment; urine samples are collected for urine proteomics determination. Stool samples are collected for stool intestinal flora determination.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
340

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • China
    • Beijing Municipality
      • Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China
        • Recruiting
        • Peking University First Hospital
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

It is planned to recruit 340 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria, including 40 healthy controls matching gender and age, 150 patients with T1D, and 150 first-degree relatives of T1D patients.

Description

  1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for patients with type 1 diabetes:

    Inclusion criteria:

    • Meet the WHO's diabetes diagnostic criteria, diagnosed as type 1 diabetes; ② Able and willing to participate in 12 hours of structured education training;

      • Able and willing to undergo regular outpatient follow-up;

        • Volunteer to participate in the study and sign informed consent.

    Exclusion criteria:

    ① Non-type 1 diabetic patients;

    • Severe microvascular complications: proliferative retinopathy; Urinary albumin/urinary creatinine > 300mg/g, or 24-hour urinary protein quantity > 1g/d; Uncontrolled painful diabetic neuropathy and significant diabetic autonomic neuropathy; ③ Patients who had acute cerebrovascular accident, acute coronary syndrome, peripheral artery disease requiring hospitalization or underwent vascular intervention or amputation within 3 months before enrollment; Blood pressure is consistently higher than 180/110mmHg and cannot be controlled within 160/110mmHg within 1 week; Serum creatinine clearance was less than 30ml/min/1.73m2(calculated according to CKDEPI formula), alanine aminotransferase ≥3 times the upper limit of normal, total bilirubin ≥2 times the upper limit of normal for more than 1 week;

(6) Have used drugs that may affect blood sugar for more than 1 week within 12 weeks, such as oral/intravenous glucocorticoids, growth hormones, estrogen/progesterone, high-dose diuretics, antipsychotic drugs, etc.; However, small doses of diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide < 25mg/d, indapamide ≤1.5mg/d) for antihypertensive purposes, and physiological dosages of thyroid hormones used for replacement therapy are not subject to this limit; (7) Systemic infection or serious concomitant disease; Patients with malignant tumors or chronic diarrhea; Other circumstances that cause the subjects to be unable to complete the study: such as serious cognitive dysfunction, mental illness, etc.;

⑨ The subject is uncooperative, unable to follow up, or the investigator judges that it may be difficult to complete the investigator;

⑩ Other conditions deemed unsuitable for inclusion by the investigator. The study physician will determine whether you are suitable for the study based on your actual condition and the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the study protocol.

(2) Inclusion and exclusion criteria for first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes:

Inclusion criteria:

  • First-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes (including parents, children, siblings);

    • Age ≥4 years old; ③ Able and willing to undergo regular outpatient follow-up; ④ Volunteer to participate in the study and sign informed consent.

Exclusion criteria:

  • Type 1 diabetes has been diagnosed;

    • Second degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes; ③ Patients who could not complete regular outpatient follow-up. (3) Inclusion and exclusion criteria for healthy people:

Inclusion criteria:

  • Age ≥40 years old;

    • No history of diabetes; ③ Fasting blood glucose < 6.1mmol/L, 2-hour glucose load blood glucose < 7.8mmol /L, glycosylated hemoglobin < 5.7%; ④ Volunteer to participate in the study and sign informed consent.

Exclusion criteria:

①A definite diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in a first - or second-degree relative.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Changes in HbA1c in patients with type 1 diabetes
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of the study at 1,2,3,4 years
Changes in HbA1c in patients with type 1 diabetes at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years of follow-up
From enrollment to the end of the study at 1,2,3,4 years
Ther differences in Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio between type 1 diabetic patients and first-degree relatives and healthy control
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of the study at 1,2,3,4 years
Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio will be test in all of the participants
From enrollment to the end of the study at 1,2,3,4 years
Ther differences in Genotype polymorphisms between type 1 diabetic patients and first-degree relatives and healthy control
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of the study at 1,2,3,4 years
Blood monitoring to assess genetic polymorphisms in all of the participants
From enrollment to the end of the study at 1,2,3,4 years
To establish screening and management paths for high-risk groups of type 1 diabetes patients
Time Frame: up to 4 years
Establish an identification and screening system for high-risk groups of type 1 diabetes, as well as a standardized management pathway for these high-risk groups.
up to 4 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Changes in disease self-management scores of patients with type 1 diabetes
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of the study at 1,2,3,4 years
use Adult Type 1 Diabetes Self-Management Scale to evaluate, the minimum value is 0, and the maximum value is 120, higher scores mean a better outcome.
From enrollment to the end of the study at 1,2,3,4 years
Changes of quality of life scores in patients with type 1 diabetes
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of the study at 1,2,3,4 years
use Diabetes-specific Quality of Life Measurement Scale to evaluate, This scale consists of 3 dimensions, namely satisfaction (15 items, with the lowest score being 15 and the highest score being 75), impact degree (20 items, with the lowest score being 20 and the highest score being 100), and anxiety level (11 items, with the lowest score being 11 and the highest score being 55). the lower scores mean a better outcome.
From enrollment to the end of the study at 1,2,3,4 years
Changes of mood scale scores in patients with type 1 diabetes
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of the study at 1,2,3,4 years
use Beck Depression Inventory Scale to evaluate, the minimum value is 0, and the maximum value is 63, lower scores mean a better outcome.
From enrollment to the end of the study at 1,2,3,4 years
The decline in C-peptide levels in patients with type 1 diabetes
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of the study at 1,2,3,4 years
the blood C-peptide will be test at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years of follow-up
From enrollment to the end of the study at 1,2,3,4 years

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Peking University First Hospital

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Donghui Zhang, Peking University First Hospital
  • Study Chair: Nan Gu, Peking University First Hospital

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 1, 2024

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
July 1, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
July 1, 2028

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
December 2, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 9, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 12, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 12, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 9, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2024-487-001

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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